RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS AT MEURAXA REGIONAL HOSPITAL, BANDA ACEH
Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia 
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Antibiotic Use, Hospital-Acquired Infection, Length of Hospital Stay, Mechanical Ventilation, Nosocomial Pneumonia
Abstract
Nosocomial pneumonia is among the most frequent healthcare-associated infections and imposes a substantial burden of morbidity, mortality, and cost on hospital systems, yet local epidemiological data from Aceh Province remain limited. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia among patients treated at Meuraxa Regional Hospital, Banda Aceh. An analytical observational study with a retrospective approach was conducted using secondary medical-record data from patients hospitalized between January 2022 and December 2024. Of 248 eligible patients, 41 (16.5%) developed nosocomial pneumonia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Previous antibiotic use (OR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.50–5.90; p = 0.001), mechanical ventilator use (p = 0.0004), and prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with nosocomial pneumonia, with prolonged hospitalization showing the strongest association; age, sex, and comorbidities were not significant. These findings highlight the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, careful ventilator management, and minimizing unnecessary length of stay to reduce nosocomial pneumonia risk in resource-limited hospital settings such as RSUD Meuraxa.
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