DIGITAL CLINICAL PRACTICE ASSESSMENT IN NURSING EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW AS A FOUNDATION FOR DEVELOPING THE E-ASKEP APPLICATION
Indonesia 
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Clinical Assessment, E-Portfolio, Nursing Education
Abstract
Clinical practice assessment is central to ensuring nursing students' competence, yet paper-based assessment conducted separately by faculty and clinical instructors risks inconsistency, delayed feedback, and poor traceability. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on clinical practice assessment in nursing education and the use of digital technology to support it, as a foundation for developing the E-Askep application. A narrative literature review was conducted on articles published between 2013 and 2026 and retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, BMC, JMIR, Crossref, and national nursing journal portals; 14 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. Five themes emerged: the need for valid, reliable, and standardized instruments; faculty–clinical instructor collaboration and feedback; digital platforms (e-portfolios, mobile applications, and e-logbooks) that improve accessibility, transparency, and progress monitoring but have mixed effects on competence outcomes; structured electronic documentation that supports learning of the nursing process; and implementation factors, including training, digital literacy, infrastructure, and user acceptance. No study was found that evaluated a web application automatically combining faculty and clinical instructor scores in Indonesian nursing education. The evidence supports standardized, collaborative digital clinical assessment; the design of E-Askep is consistent with this evidence, but its effectiveness requires evaluative research.
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References
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