Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Research Sciences and Sustainability (JAPRSS)

ADMET Analysis of Allicin, Capsaicin, Curcumin, and Genistein Compounds as Cancer Drug Candidates

Novyananda Salmasfattah — 2026-04-06

Background. Cancer treatment with hormone therapy such as Doxorubicin has been widely practised in breast cancer, bowel cancer, and others. However, sometimes the side effects of hormone therapy appear and worsen the patient's condition. The compounds (test compounds) Allicin, Capsaicin, Curcumin and Genistein have potential as anticancer compounds. The similarity of the medicinal properties of the test compounds with Doxorubicin, allows them to be used as cancer drug candidates. In addition, it is necessary to analyse ADMET to determine the efficacy and safety of the test compounds.

Purpose. This study aims to analyse the ADMET of the compounds Allicin, Capsaicin, Curcumin and Genistein.

Method. This research uses the in silico method. Test compounds; Allicin (PubCHem CID 65036), Capsaicin (PubChem CID 1548943), Curcumin (PubChem CID 969516), Genistein (PubChem CID 5280961) and Doxorubicin (PubChem CID 31703) as positive controls were obtained from PubChem. Analysis of test compounds using the PASS online programme to determine the binding activity of compounds with proteins. To determine absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) using pkCSM online. DruLiTo was used to analyse the physico-chemical properties of the test compounds.

Results. Allicin has good ADMET with Intestinal absorption 96.229 (%absorbed), BBB permeability 0.506 (log BB), Total Clearance 0.704 (log ml/min/kg), and does not cause hepatotoxicity.

Conclusion. It can be concluded that all test compounds have their own advantages and disadvantages, but Allicin has better ADMET than other test compounds. Further research on Molecular Dynamics needs to be done to find out the interaction of test compounds with Caspase-3 Protein.

Life Cycle Assessment of Pharmaceutical Packaging: Strategies for Transitioning to Algae-Based Biopolymers

Giorgos Papadopoulos — 2026-04-06

Background. Pharmaceutical packaging plays a crucial role in ensuring drug safety and stability, yet it significantly contributes to environmental degradation due to the extensive use of petroleum-based plastics. Increasing regulatory pressure and global sustainability commitments have intensified the need for environmentally responsible alternatives. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental impacts of packaging materials across their entire life cycle. Algae-based biopolymers have emerged as a promising solution due to their renewable origin and biodegradability. This study aims to assess the environmental and functional feasibility of transitioning from conventional polymers to algae-based biopolymers in pharmaceutical packaging.

Purpose. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating LCA modeling with experimental evaluation of material performance. Representative packaging systems were analyzed using standardized LCA tools to measure global warming potential, energy consumption, water use, and waste generation. Mechanical and barrier properties were tested under controlled laboratory conditions, and comparative analysis was conducted using inferential statistical techniques.

Method. Results indicate that algae-based biopolymers significantly reduce carbon emissions, energy use, and waste generation, although they require higher water inputs and exhibit slightly lower mechanical strength. Functional performance remains within acceptable pharmaceutical standards, and environmental improvements are statistically significant.

Results. Findings suggest that algae-based biopolymers offer a viable pathway toward sustainable pharmaceutical packaging, balancing environmental benefits with functional requirements..

Conclusion. Representative packaging systems were analyzed using standardized LCA tools to measure global warming potential, energy consumption, water use, and waste generation. Mechanical and barrier properties were tested under controlled laboratory conditions, and comparative analysis was conducted using inferential statistical techniques.

The Suitability of the Real Costs Against the Price of the Ina-Cbg's on Patients Prolonged Labour at the Regional General Hospital Pandan Arang Boyolali

Pertiwi Awilda — 2026-04-05

Background. Prolonged labour defrayel was regulated in the INA-CBG’s rates.

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to know the difference real costs against the price of the INA-CBG's and know the factors which influence the real costs in patients prolonged labour at the regional genral hospital Pandan Arang Boyolali.

Method. The research was on analytic observation research used a cross-sectional design according to the hospital perspective and data collection method was retrospectively. The data of this research were quantitative data. Analysis of suitability of real cost with INA-CBG's used t-test, one being an analysis of the factors that affect the real costs used bivariate correlation test.

Results. The study result showed that were difference between of real costs to the INA-CBG's rates on severity I on a class of treatments 1, 2 and 3 showed positive values, as for the difference obtained class 1 Rp. 3.195.800, class 2 Rp 15.634.812 and class 3 Rp. 9.762.782. On the severity II class of treatments 3 showed positive difference amounted Rp. 1.567.806.

Conclusion. The difference were shown the positive difference, were indicates the total real costs lower than INA-CBG's rate. The factors was affected the real costs of prolonged labour was LOS.

A Synergy between Pharmacy and Biotechnology in the Development of Precision Therapies to Enhance the Quality of Healthcare Services

Rifa Andriana — 2026-04-06

Background. The increasing heterogeneity of patient responses to pharmacotherapy has driven a paradigm shift from conventional treatment approaches toward precision medicine. This shift requires strong integration between pharmaceutical sciences and biotechnology to ensure targeted, safe, and effective therapy.

Purpose. This study aims to analyze the role of synergy between pharmacy and biotechnology in the development of precision therapy and its contribution to improving the quality of healthcare services.

Method. This research employed a qualitative literature review method by analyzing scientific articles, review papers, and policy reports published between 2015 and 2025. Data were collected from reputable international databases and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach.

Results. The findings indicate that biotechnological innovations such as pharmacogenomics, monoclonal antibodies, and molecular diagnostics significantly support pharmacists in optimizing individualized therapy. The integration of these technologies enhances therapeutic effectiveness, minimizes adverse drug reactions, and improves patient safety.

Conclusion. The synergy between pharmacy and biotechnology constitutes a fundamental pillar in the advancement of precision therapy and plays a strategic role in strengthening patient-centered and sustainable healthcare services.

The Climate-Resilient Pharmacy: Evaluating the Stability of Essential Medicines Under Extreme Heat Conditions

Jón Jónsson — 2026-04-06

Background. Climate change is intensifying temperature variability and increasing the frequency of extreme heat events, posing significant risks to the stability of essential medicines. Pharmaceutical storage systems are traditionally designed based on controlled temperature assumptions that may no longer reflect real-world conditions, particularly in climate-vulnerable regions.

Purpose. Degradation of medicines under excessive heat can reduce therapeutic efficacy and compromise patient safety. This study aims to evaluate the stability of essential medicines under extreme heat conditions and to assess the resilience of current storage practices.

Method. An experimental mixed-methods design was employed, combining climate-simulated heat exposure with laboratory-based stability testing. Selected medicines representing tablets, liquid formulations, and biologics were exposed to sustained and fluctuating temperatures between 40°C and 45°C. Chemical stability, potency retention, and physical changes were measured using validated analytical instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant differences across formulations and exposure conditions.

Results. Results indicate that biologics are highly susceptible to rapid degradation, while liquid formulations show moderate instability and tablets maintain relatively higher resilience. Temperature fluctuation significantly accelerates degradation compared to constant exposure. Packaging interventions provide partial mitigation but do not fully prevent potency loss.

Conclusion. Findings suggest that existing pharmaceutical storage standards are insufficient under extreme heat conditions. Development of climate-resilient storage strategies is essential to ensure drug quality and patient safety.

Study of High Potential for Addiction Group 1 Psychotropic Drugs Used in Science

Yuneka Saristiana — 2026-04-05

Background. Research on high-potential addiction psychotropic drugs from Group 1 is an essential undertaking in the fields of pharmacology and mental health treatment, requiring an extensive introduction to provide context and delineate its importance and breadth.

Purpose. This study offers a comprehensive examination of Group 1 psychotropic drugs, emphasizing their pharmacological characteristics, addictive tendencies, and regulatory implications

Method. Drawing upon data extracted from Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 10 of 2022, the research compiles and delineates the psychotropic drugs falling under Group 1 classification.

Results. Drugs name as Deskloro ketamin, 2F- Deskloro ketamin, Flubroma zolam, Flualpra zolam, Klonazolam are identified, each presenting distinct pharmacological effects and addiction potentials. The study highlights the imperative for stringent regulatory measures owing to the pronounced likelihood of abuse and adverse consequences associated with these substances. Regulatory frameworks must remain dynamic to effectively address emerging challenges and evolving patterns of drug usage.

Conclusion. This research significantly contributes to the comprehension of psychotropic drugs and informs strategies aimed at ensuring their judicious and safe utilization.

Green Catalysis in API Synthesis: Transitioning from Heavy Metals to Organocatalysts

Juan Martínez — 2026-04-06

Background. Green catalysis has become a central concern in pharmaceutical manufacturing due to increasing environmental regulations and sustainability demands. Traditional reliance on heavy metal catalysts in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis ensures high efficiency and selectivity but introduces challenges related to toxicity, waste generation, and regulatory compliance. Organocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative, offering reduced environmental impact and operational simplicity. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of transitioning from heavy metal catalysis to organocatalysis in API synthesis by comparing their performance, sustainability, and practical applicability.

Purpose. A mixed-methods design was employed, integrating experimental benchmarking with comparative analytical evaluation. Representative catalytic systems were selected from literature and replicated under controlled laboratory conditions. Key indicators, including yield, selectivity, reaction time, E-factor, and process mass intensity, were measured and analyzed using inferential statistical techniques.

Method. Results indicate that organocatalysis achieves comparable selectivity and acceptable yield performance while significantly reducing environmental impact. Statistical analysis confirms substantial improvements in sustainability metrics, despite moderate increases in reaction time. Case-based evaluation further demonstrates the practical viability of organocatalysis in real-world API synthesis.

Results. The findings indicate that, regardless of proficiency level, L1, FLCA, or FLE level, learners prefer more explicit OCF techniques, such as metalinguistics feedback and explicit correction. However, Korean undergraduates scored lower in the majority of OCF strategies (i.e., ignoring, elicitation, recast, explanation, and public feedback) compared to the other participants.

Conclusion. Findings suggest that organocatalysis represents a credible and sustainable alternative to heavy metal catalysis. Transitioning toward metal-free catalytic systems can enhance environmental performance without compromising core reaction quality, supporting the advancement of green pharmaceutical manufacturing..