Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials

Design and Fabrication of Microfluidic Biochips for Early Detection of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Khalil Zaman — 2024-12-29

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain a global health problem that requires early detection and rapid treatment. This study aims to design and fabricate microfluidic biochips for the early detection of several PMS-causing pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis. This research method involves designing chips with microfluidic technology, fabrication using lithography techniques, and testing the sensitivity and specificity of blood, urine, and cervical fluid samples. The results show that the biochip developed has a sensitivity of up to 92% and a specificity of 95%, with a detection time of less than 10 minutes. The biochip is also capable of detecting a variety of pathogens in a single device, making it an efficient diagnostic tool. In conclusion, this microfluidic biochip has the potential to be a fast, cheap, and effective PMS detection tool for use in the field. Further research needs to be conducted to test the sustainability of chip performance under real-world conditions and for further development in the detection of various other pathogens.

Development of Nanocellulose-Based Biomaterials from Agricultural Waste for Bone Tissue Regeneration Applications

Chen Mei — 2024-12-29

Agricultural waste has great potential to be used as biomaterial raw materials that can be used in medical applications, especially for bone tissue regeneration. Nanocellulose, which is produced from natural cellulose, offers good mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. This research aims to develop nanocellulose-based biomaterials from agricultural waste for bone regeneration applications. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of agricultural waste, such as rice straw, peanut husks, and corn leaves, in producing high-quality nanocellulose that can be used for applications in the field of bone tissue regeneration. This study uses an experimental design with a laboratory approach. Agricultural waste is treated through nanocellulose extraction using certain chemical techniques. Material characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as biocompatibility tests using osteoblast cell cultures. The results show that rice straw produces nanocellulose with the highest cellulose content (65%) and has optimal tensile strength and degradation time for bone tissue applications. Peanut husks and corn leaves also show good results, although not as good as rice straw. Agricultural waste, especially rice straw, has great potential to be used as a raw material for nanocellulose that can be used in bone tissue regeneration applications. This research opens up opportunities to develop more sustainable and affordable biomaterials for medical applications.

Optimization of Biocompatibility of Natural Polymer Hydrogels for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications

Ava Lee — 2024-12-29

This study aims to optimize the biocompatibility of natural polymer hydrogels for targeted drug delivery applications. Crosslinking modifications are applied to natural polymers such as alginate, agarose, and chitosan, with the aim of increasing cell viability and reducing cytotoxicity. The results showed that modified hydrogels had higher cell viability (85–90%) and lower cytotoxicity compared to unmodified hydrogels. In addition, these modifications do not trigger immunological or inflammatory reactions in the cells of the human body tested. This study suggests that the crosslinking technique can be an effective solution in developing more biocompatible natural polymer hydrogels, which can be used for targeted drug delivery applications. However, for broader clinical applications, further research is needed to explore other modification methods and test more types of polymers.

Surface Modification of Gold Nanoparticles to Improve Cancer Cell Targeting

Chen Mei — 2024-12-30

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising agents for cancer therapy due to their unique properties, but effective targeting remains a challenge. Surface modification with specific ligands can enhance targeting efficiency. To develop and optimize surface-modified AuNPs to improve targeting of cancer cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. The study employed theoretical modeling, laboratory experiments, and in vivo testing. Cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549, PC-3) and mouse models with human tumors were used to evaluate targeting efficiency. Instruments included TEM, SEM, DLS, zeta potential analysis, and HPLC. Surface-modified AuNPs showed an 80% increase in cancer cell binding compared to unmodified AuNPs. In vivo studies demonstrated a 70% reduction in tumor volume in treated mice. Stability tests indicated consistent performance under various biological conditions. Surface modification of AuNPs with specific ligands significantly enhances their targeting ability and therapeutic efficacy against cancer cells. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings for clinical application.

Development of an Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Markers

Sofia Lim — 2024-12-30

Prostate cancer is a leading malignancy in men, where early detection is critical for effective treatment. Current diagnostic methods, such as PSA tests, have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. To develop an aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for the early detection of prostate cancer markers, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed. The study involved the design and optimization of aptamers through SELEX, integration with electrochemical sensors, and validation using prostate cancer cell lines and clinical samples. Instruments used include electrochemical workstations, HPLC, and mass spectrometry for characterization and evaluation. The developed biosensor demonstrated a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL for PSA, with a response time of less than 10 minutes. High reproducibility was achieved with a coefficient of variation below 5%, and the biosensor showed significant specificity and stability in detecting PSA in various samples. The aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor offers a promising tool for the early detection of prostate cancer markers, providing higher sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional methods. Further clinical validation is necessary to confirm its efficacy and reliability in broader applications.