DECENTRALIZING THE HALAL ECONOMY: BLOCKCHAIN-BASED CERTIFICATION MODELS FOR ETHICAL GLOBAL TRADE
Abstract
The globalization of halal products has created an urgent need for transparent, trustworthy, and universally accepted certification systems. Conventional centralized models of halal certification often face challenges such as fragmented standards, lack of interoperability across regions, potential corruption, and delays in verification processes. This study explores blockchain technology as a transformative approach to decentralizing halal certification, enabling a more ethical and inclusive global halal economy. Using a qualitative exploratory method, the research examines key models of blockchain-based halal certification, focusing on their mechanisms for data immutability, distributed consensus, and smart contract integration. Findings indicate that blockchain can strengthen consumer trust, improve cross-border traceability, and reduce certification fraud by creating a tamper-proof, decentralized ledger accessible to all stakeholders, including producers, certifying bodies, regulators, and consumers. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of blockchain to harmonize certification standards and to integrate Maq??id al-Shar??ah values into digital governance. However, implementation requires addressing legal frameworks, standardization issues, technological literacy, and interoperability with existing halal ecosystems. These insights contribute to shaping innovative policy directions for a sustainable, ethical, and globally connected halal economy.
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