Understand Consumer Perception of Waiting Time in Services Urban Developing: A Study in Cirebon City, Indonesia

Hindam Syarifudin (1), Wachdijono Wachdijono (2)
(1) Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Indonesia,
(2) Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Indonesia

Abstract

Service lead time plays an important role in shaping consumer perception of overall service quality. If the service wait time is perceived as long, consumers will get bored and leave, but if it is perceived as quick, they will be happy and make a purchase again.  This study aims to determine the index of consumer perception of service waiting time and the scores for each indicator in univariate analysis. The research was conducted at the Gacoan Noodle Restaurant in Cirebon City for three months (December 2025-February 2026). The research design uses quantitative descriptive and survey techniques. The sample consisted of 60 respondents, and the sampling technique was accidental. The indicator measurement uses the Likert Scale, and the data analysis is univariate, using a mathematical formula. The results showed that the consumer perception index was 69.7% (service waiting time is fast). The highest indicator score was 77.2% clarity and certainty of service (maintained), and the lowest indicator score was 65.7% (improved). The gap in this study is an empirical and methodological one, so that the results of this research contribute theoretically to the development of consumer behavior theory and methodology.  Technically, it contributes to the business actors of Mie Gacoan Restaurant in Cirebon City in order to achieve a competitive advantage.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Aditya Ahmad Maulana, & Hadita Hadita. (2024). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Di Toko Kopi Tuku Bekasi Utara. Journal of Management and Creative Business, 2(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.30640/jmcbus.v2i1.2071

Davis, M. M., & Heineke, J. (1998). How disconfirmation, perception and actual waiting times impact customer satisfaction. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 9(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564239810199950

Davis, M. M., & Maggard, M. J. (1990). An analysis of customer satisfaction with waiting times in a two?stage service process. Journal of Operations Management, 9(3), 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(90)90158-A

Demoulin, F. B. N. (2007). Waiting time influence on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship in services. Managing Service Quality: An International Journa, 17(2), 174–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520710735182

Febriani, N. W., & Iqbal, F. (2015). Ketidakpastian Dalam Sistem Komunikasi Interpersonal. Jurnal Komunikasi PROFETIK, 08(02), 65–80.

Ghozali, I. (2011). Aplikasi multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 19 (5th ed.). BP Universitas Diponegoro. https://bit.ly/33Po9Rk

Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. UNDIP.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (7th ed.). Pearson Education.

Hensley, R. L., & Sulek, J. (2007). Customer satisfaction with waits in multi?stage services. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 17(2), 152–173. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520710735173

Hui, M. K., & Tse, D. K. (1996). What to Tell Consumers in Waits of Different Lengths: An Integrative Model of Service Evaluation. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000206

J. Supranto. (2006). Pengukuran tingkat kepuasan pelanggan untuk menaikkan pangsa pasar (3rd ed.). Renika Cipta.

Jr, J. F. H., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2021). Multivariate Data Analysis (Sixth Edition) (8th ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Managemen (15th ed.). Pearson Education,Inc.

Kurniasari, F., & Sugiyanto, E. K. (2020). Dimensi Kualitas Pelayanan Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kepuasan Pelanggan ( Studi Pada Pelanggan Hotel X Semarang ). Business Management Analysis Journal (BMAJ), 3(2), 112–125.

Lahap, J., Azlan, R. I., Bahri, K. A., Said, N. M., Abdullah, D., & Zain, R. A. (2018). The effect of perceived waiting time on customer’s satisfaction: A focus on fast food restaurant. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 7(5), 259–266.

Lee, W., & Lambert, C. U. (2000). Impact Of Waiting Time On Evaluation Of Service Quality And Customer Satisfaction In Foodservice Operations. Foodservice Research International, 12(4), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4506.2000.tb00021.x

Maister, D. H. (2005). The social psychology of waiting lines. American Scientist, 1–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5447705

Malhotra, N. (2019). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation, Global Edition, 7th Edition. In Marketing Research (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc. https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/preface/0/1/3/4/013473484X.pdf

Mike. (2024). Psikologi menunggu dalam antrean (mengantre jika Anda orang Inggris). /Queue-Fair.Com. https://queue-fair.com/id/psikologi-menunggu-dalam-antrean-antrian#:~:text=Penyedia layanan harus memperhatikan: faktor umum dari,waktu kosong yang dihabiskan pelanggan untuk menunggu.

Miles, D. . (2017). A taxonomy of research gaps: Identifying and defining the seven research gaps. Journal of Research Methods and Strategies, August, 1–15.

Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty?? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue 1999), 33–44.

Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). Servqual: A Multiple-item Scale For Measuring Consumer Perceptions of service Quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.

Polas, M. R. H., Rahman, M. M., Miah, M. A., & Hayash, M. M. A. (2018). The Impact of Waiting Time towards Customers’ Satisfaction in Fast Food Establishments: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Business and Management, 20(5), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2005021121

Rangkuti, F. (2016). Riset Pemasaran (1st ed.). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Riduan. (2015). Dasar-dasar statistika (Prana Dwija Iswarta (ed.); 13th ed.). Alfabeta. https://bit.ly/2QjAbyV

Simamora, H., Simanungkalit, R. V., & Sugiharto, B. (2022). Pengantar Bisnis (H. Simamora (ed.); 1st ed.). Perkumpulan Rumah Cemerlang Indonesia.

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Bisnis: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Kombinasi, dan R & D. In Penerbit CV. Alfabeta: Bandung. Penerbit CV. Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Penerbit Alfabeta Bandung.

Suhendy, V. Y., Ketaren, R. D., Lestari, N., Gaol, A. R. L., Lubis, R. A. A., Hutabarat, D. M., & Faiz, A. (2025). Pengaruh Ketepatan dan Kecepatan Pelayanan Mie Gacoan Medan Pancing Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(5), 10052–10062. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative

Sumarwan, U., & Tjiptono, F. (2019). Strategi Pemasaran dalam Perspektif Perilaku Konsumen (I). PT Penerbit IPB Press.

Supranto, J. (2008). Statistik teori dan aplikasi (W. H. Devri Barnadi (ed.); ketujuh). Erlangga. https://bit.ly/3cEl9Mb

Taylor, S. A., & Baker, T. L. (1994). An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of consumers’ purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 70(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4359(94)90013-2

Tjiptono, F. (2019). Pemasaran Jasa, Prinsip, Penerapan Dan Penelitian Edisi Terbaru. 9083.

Authors

Hindam Syarifudin
wachdijono@ugj.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Wachdijono Wachdijono
Syarifudin, H., & Wachdijono, W. (2026). Understand Consumer Perception of Waiting Time in Services Urban Developing: A Study in Cirebon City, Indonesia. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Creative Technology, 3(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.70177/jseact.v3i1.3422

Article Details