Journal of Multidisciplinary Sustainability Asean

Sustainable Aquaculture Models for Coastal Communities in Indonesia: A Review of Integrated Mangrove-Shrimp Farming Systems

Muhammad Amien — 2025-12-26

Background. Coastal communities in Indonesia depend heavily on aquaculture for economic security, yet conventional shrimp farming practices have contributed to substantial mangrove loss, declining water quality, and reduced long-term productivity. Growing recognition of these environmental challenges has led to increasing interest in integrated mangrove–shrimp farming systems as a sustainable alternative capable of balancing ecological restoration with livelihood needs.

Purpose. This review aims to evaluate existing models of integrated mangrove shrimp aquaculture in Indonesia by examining their ecological performance, economic benefits, and socio-cultural relevance for coastal communities.

Method. A qualitative research design was employed using a systematic literature review of national and international studies published between 2010 and 2024, supported by thematic analysis to identify dominant patterns and gaps.

Results. The findings reveal that integrated systems particularly the silvofishery model combining mangrove restoration with semi-intensive shrimp cultivation provide measurable ecological advantages, including improved water filtration, enhanced biodiversity, and reduced disease outbreaks. Economic outcomes vary but generally demonstrate increased long-term profitability due to lower input costs and more stable yields compared to conventional monoculture farms. Social acceptance is strong in communities with existing mangrove stewardship practices, although constraints such as limited technical knowledge and unclear tenure arrangements remain significant barriers.

Conclusion. The study concludes that integrated mangrove–shrimp systems offer a viable sustainability pathway for Indonesian coastal regions when supported by community training, clear land-use regulations, and targeted government incentives. These models illustrate how ecological conservation and aquaculture productivity can be mutually reinforcing within community-based resource management frameworks.

The Feasibility of Converting Palm Oil Waste into Bioenergy in Sumatra and Kalimantan: A Mini-Review

Loso Judijanto — 2025-12-26

Background. The rapid expansion of the palm oil industry in Sumatra and Kalimantan has intensified concerns surrounding environmental degradation, waste accumulation, and inefficient resource utilization. Large volumes of solid and liquid waste such as empty fruit bunches, palm kernel shell, fiber, and palm oil mill effluent remain underutilized despite their substantial bioenergy potential. Assuming that all forms of biomass waste can be feasibly converted into energy risks oversimplifying the technical and regulatory complexities involved.

Purpose. This mini-review aims to critically assess the feasibility of converting palm oil waste into bioenergy by synthesizing recent scientific findings, technological advancements, and sustainability evaluations from studies conducted between 2015 and 2025.

Method. The review employs a qualitative synthesis approach, drawing from peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and institutional publications related to waste-to-energy technologies, policy frameworks, and case studies in Indonesia’s palm oil regions. Sources were selected through a systematic screening process using Scopus and ScienceDirect databases.

Results. Findings indicate that several technologies such as anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, and direct combustion demonstrate promising conversion efficiencies, particularly for palm oil mill effluent and empty fruit bunches. Nonetheless, high capital costs, inconsistent waste collection systems, technological maintenance barriers, and weak policy enforcement continue to hinder large-scale implementation. Socio-economic conditions, especially in rural Kalimantan, further affect the scalability of bioenergy initiatives.

Conclusion. The review concludes that converting palm oil waste into bioenergy is technically viable but only conditionally feasible when supported by integrated policy frameworks, community-based waste management, and long-term investment strategies. Strengthening cross-sector collaboration remains essential for sustainable implementation.

A Review of Micro-Hydro Power Plant Technology and its Socio-Economic Impact on Rural Electrification in Indonesia

Hamzah Al Imran — 2025-12-26

Background: Access to electricity in rural areas of Indonesia remains limited, leading to socio-economic challenges such as low productivity, limited education opportunities, and inadequate healthcare services. Micro-hydro power plants (MHPP) have emerged as a promising solution to support rural electrification, offering renewable, decentralized energy sources suitable for remote communities.

Objective: This study aims to review the development and application of micro-hydro power plant technology in Indonesia, analyzing its technical characteristics and evaluating its socio-economic impacts on rural communities.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and case studies from various rural regions in Indonesia. The analysis focused on technical specifications, implementation strategies, community involvement, and socio-economic outcomes associated with micro-hydro projects.

Results: Findings indicate that MHPP technology in Indonesia has demonstrated reliable energy generation with capacities ranging from 5 kW to 100 kW, suitable for small communities. Socio-economic benefits include increased household income, improved educational access, enhanced local business development, and strengthened community cohesion. However, challenges such as high initial investment, technical maintenance requirements, and limited technical expertise in rural areas have constrained widespread adoption. Community participation and government support were identified as critical factors for project sustainability.

Conclusion: Micro-hydro power plants present an effective approach to rural electrification in Indonesia, with significant socio-economic benefits when supported by local engagement and institutional frameworks. Future policies should focus on reducing technical and financial barriers to maximize the positive impact of MHPP on rural development.

A Mini-Review of Digital Technologies (IoT, AI) for Enhancing Sustainability Monitoring in Indonesian Agriculture and Forestry

Eny Fahrati — 2025-12-26

Background. The integration of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into agriculture and forestry holds great potential for enhancing sustainability monitoring, especially in Indonesia, where these sectors are crucial to the economy and environment.

Purpose. The challenges of climate change, deforestation, and inefficient resource use have led to the need for advanced technologies to better manage natural resources and monitor sustainability in these sectors. This mini-review aims to assess the role of IoT and AI in improving sustainability monitoring in Indonesian agriculture and forestry, exploring the benefits, challenges, and future prospects.

Method. A comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and reports was conducted to gather data on the applications of IoT and AI in agriculture and forestry in Indonesia. The research examines the current technologies being implemented, their impact on resource efficiency, and the potential for scalability and integration into existing systems.

Results. The findings indicate that IoT-based sensors and AI-driven analytics have significantly improved data collection and decision-making processes, enabling better management of water, soil, and forest resources. However, challenges such as infrastructure limitations, data privacy concerns, and the need for skilled labor remain.

Conclusion. In conclusion, digital technologies such as IoT and AI offer promising solutions for enhancing sustainability monitoring in Indonesia’s agriculture and forestry sectors. While progress is being made, there is a need for further investment in infrastructure, capacity building, and policy development to maximize the impact of these technologies.

Sustainable Tourism Post-Pandemic: A Mini-Review of Best Practices for "New Normal" Destinations in Bali

Jeanny Pricilia Anneke W — 2025-12-26

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the global tourism industry, particularly in popular destinations like Bali, Indonesia. As the world begins to recover, tourism faces the challenge of adapting to a "new normal" that prioritizes sustainability, health protocols, and local community involvement. This mini-review explores best practices for sustainable tourism in Bali, focusing on how destinations can adapt post-pandemic while ensuring long-term environmental, social, and economic benefits.

Purpose. The primary aim of this study is to assess the sustainability strategies implemented by Bali's tourism sector in the aftermath of the pandemic.

Method. A qualitative review was conducted, examining existing literature, government reports, and case studies of sustainable tourism practices in Bali. The review identifies key areas such as eco-tourism, community-based tourism, and the integration of health and safety standards into tourism operations.

Results. The findings highlight that Bali has begun to implement a range of sustainable practices, including the promotion of eco-friendly accommodations, the development of responsible tourism guidelines, and the involvement of local communities in decision-making. However, challenges such as over-tourism, waste management, and the need for further collaboration among stakeholders remain.

Conclusion. In conclusion, Bali’s tourism sector is taking positive steps toward sustainability post-pandemic, but continued efforts are required to ensure resilience and long-term success. Further research and investment in sustainable tourism infrastructure, coupled with local and global cooperation, will be crucial to the future of Bali as a "new normal" destination.

The Effectiveness of Village Fund (Dana Desa) Allocation for Sustainable Development Projects: A Survey of Village Government Officials

Ngr. Putu Raka Novandra Asta — 2025-12-26

Background. Efforts to promote sustainable development in rural Indonesia increasingly rely on Village Fund (Dana Desa) allocations, which are intended to support local infrastructure, environmental management, and community empowerment. Despite substantial fiscal transfers from the national government, concerns persist regarding whether these funds are effectively translated into sustainable development outcomes. Many villages continue to face challenges related to planning quality, administrative capacity, environmental degradation, and accountability mechanisms.

Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of Village Fund allocation in supporting sustainable development projects, with a specific focus on environmental initiatives, social welfare programs, and economic empowerment activities. The research also seeks to identify key institutional, administrative, and governance factors that influence program success at the village level.

Method. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 214 village government officials from multiple districts. Respondents were selected using stratified sampling to ensure representation across geographical areas and administrative categories. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring fund management practices, project outcomes, and perceived challenges, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression.

Results. Findings indicate that Village Fund allocation is moderately effective in promoting sustainable development, particularly in infrastructure and community-based economic projects. Environmental projects show weaker outcomes due to limited technical expertise and inadequate long-term planning. Regression analysis reveals that transparency, participatory planning, and administrative capacity significantly predict program effectiveness.

Conclusion. The study concludes that strengthening governance capacity and integrating sustainability criteria into village planning can enhance the long-term impact of Village Fund programs.

The Circular Economy Model for Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in Indonesia: A Review of Policies and Best Practices

I Putu Astawa — 2025-12-26

Background. Electronic waste (e-waste) has become one of the fastest-growing waste streams in Indonesia as rapid digitalization, increased consumer demand for electronic devices, and limited recycling infrastructure create significant environmental and public health challenges. Current disposal patterns—dominated by informal collection, open burning, and landfilling—pose risks related to soil contamination, toxic emissions, and exposure to hazardous substances such as lead, cadmium, and mercury.

Purpose. This study aims to review national policies, regulatory frameworks, and best practices related to e-waste management in Indonesia through the conceptual lens of the circular economy.

Method. The research employs a qualitative literature review design, synthesizing scholarly articles, government documents, international reports, and case-based analyses of e-waste management initiatives. Comparative analysis is used to identify gaps between policy intentions and implementation outcomes while highlighting successful practices at both national and regional levels.

Results. Results show that CE-based initiatives—such as formal recycling facilities, producer take-back programs, and repair–reuse ecosystems—have begun to emerge but face barriers related to limited institutional capacity, low public awareness, and dominance of the informal sector.

Conclusion. The study concludes that strengthening national coordination, scaling up CE-driven business models, and integrating community participation are essential for Indonesia to achieve sustainable e-waste management aligned with circular economy principles.

The Community Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Regarding Household Waste Sorting and its Impact on Public Health in Denpasar, Bali

I Wayan Rediyasa — 2025-12-26

Background. Household waste mismanagement remains a persistent environmental and public health challenge in rapidly urbanizing Indonesian cities, including Denpasar, Bali. Despite government-led campaigns promoting household waste sorting, community responses vary widely, suggesting gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) that may influence health outcomes.

Purpose. This study investigates the level of community KAP regarding household waste sorting and evaluates its potential impact on public health indicators within urban neighborhoods of Denpasar. The objective is to identify critical behavioral determinants that strengthen or weaken waste-sorting compliance and to assess how these behavioral patterns correlate with sanitation-related health risks.

Method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 420 households selected through multistage cluster sampling across four districts in Denpasar. Data were collected using a validated KAP questionnaire, complemented by direct environmental observations and secondary health records from local community health centers.

Results. The results indicate that although 78% of respondents show adequate knowledge about waste sorting, only 52% demonstrate positive attitudes, and merely 39% consistently practice proper waste segregation. Poor practice scores strongly correlate with higher reports of mosquito-borne illnesses and household-level sanitation hazards (p < 0.05). Regression analysis suggests that attitude mediates the translation of knowledge into practice, making it a key leverage point for behavioral change.

Conclusion. This study concludes that improving public health in Denpasar requires targeted interventions that address not only informational gaps but also motivational and infrastructural barriers to waste-sorting practices. Strengthening community engagement and localized environmental health programs is essential for sustainable behavioral compliance.

A Review of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Programs for Community-Based Sustainable Development in Indonesia

Edison Hatoguan Manurung — 2025-12-26

Background. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs play a vital role in promoting community-based sustainable development, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. As industries expand, the need for companies to engage in socially responsible practices has become increasingly important to address environmental, social, and economic challenges.

Purpose. This study aims to review CSR programs implemented by companies in Indonesia and assess their impact on community-based sustainable development. The research explores various CSR initiatives, focusing on their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their contributions to local communities.

Method. A comprehensive literature review and case study analysis were employed as the research methodology. Data was collected from academic articles, CSR reports, and case studies of companies that have implemented community-driven CSR programs in Indonesia. The study evaluates the types of CSR activities, the sectors involved, and the outcomes for community development.

Results. The findings indicate that CSR programs in Indonesia have led to significant improvements in education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability in local communities. However, challenges such as limited stakeholder engagement, insufficient long-term planning, and a lack of monitoring mechanisms hinder the effectiveness of some initiatives. The study also reveals that successful CSR programs are those that actively involve local communities in decision-making and are aligned with their needs.

Conclusion. In conclusion, CSR programs in Indonesia have the potential to contribute to sustainable community development, but they require stronger alignment with local priorities, better long-term strategies, and enhanced monitoring to maximize their impact.