Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae

LEGAL AUTHORITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS BOUNDARIES IN MILITARY POLICING: NAVIGATING THE DUAL MANDATE OF DISCIPLINE ENFORCEMENT AND CIVIL PROTECTION

Deni Iqbal — 2026-04-07

Military policing operates at the intersection of disciplinary authority and civilian engagement, creating complex tensions between enforcement mandates and human rights obligations in contemporary security environments. Expanding roles in peacekeeping, internal security, and hybrid operations have exposed gaps in legal clarity and accountability mechanisms. This study aims to examine how legal authority is defined and applied in military policing and how human rights boundaries are maintained under dual mandates. A qualitative doctrinal and socio-legal approach was employed, combining analysis of legal instruments, comparative frameworks, and secondary operational data across jurisdictions. Findings indicate that while disciplinary authority is comprehensively regulated, civilian engagement rules, detention safeguards, and oversight mechanisms remain inconsistently defined. Policy coherence, institutional oversight, and training significantly influence compliance with human rights standards, while legal ambiguity increases reliance on discretion and risk of violations. The study concludes that effective military policing requires harmonized legal frameworks, explicit operational guidelines, and strengthened accountability systems to balance authority with rights protection. Integration of legal clarity and institutional capacity is essential for ensuring consistent and rights-compliant practice in evolving security contexts.

PUBLIC HEALTH GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL TRUST: LESSONS FROM GLOBAL HEALTH CRISES

Sarah Zielda Najib — 2026-04-28

Public health governance has become a critical determinant of societal resilience as recent global health crises have demonstrated that effective emergency responses depend not only on healthcare capacity but also on institutional legitimacy, transparent decision-making, and public trust. Persistent variation in policy compliance and crisis outcomes across countries has intensified interest in understanding how governance quality influences collective behavioral responses during public health emergencies. This study aimed to examine the relationship between public health governance, institutional transparency, social trust, and community resilience across diverse national contexts. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed involving 3,600 respondents from twelve countries representing different governance systems and public health capacities. Quantitative data were collected using validated measures of governance effectiveness, institutional trust, policy compliance, communication credibility, healthcare preparedness, and community resilience, and analyzed through multilevel modeling, structural equation modeling, mediation analysis, and hierarchical regression. Qualitative evidence was obtained through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, policy document analysis, and institutional case studies, followed by thematic interpretation. Findings revealed that governance effectiveness significantly strengthened institutional trust, while transparent communication and information credibility enhanced policy compliance, vaccination acceptance, and community resilience. Community resilience further reinforced the positive relationship between institutional trust and behavioral compliance during health emergencies. Results indicate that sustainable public health governance requires coordinated institutional leadership, evidence-based communication, transparent policymaking, and meaningful public engagement. The proposed governance framework offers practical guidance for strengthening institutional resilience and social trust during future global health crises.

BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: A STUDY OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPPS) IN INDONESIAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Erlita Khrisinta Dewi — 2026-04-28

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become an increasingly popular model for financing and developing infrastructure in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Given the significant infrastructure gaps in the country, particularly in transportation, energy, and urban development, PPPs offer a promising solution for mobilizing private investment and expertise while maintaining public accountability. This study investigates the role of PPPs in Indonesia’s infrastructure development, analyzing their effectiveness, challenges, and prospects for future growth. The research aims to assess how PPPs are implemented, their impact on project efficiency, and their contribution to Indonesia’s economic development. A qualitative research approach is used, employing case studies, interviews with key stakeholders, and a review of relevant policy documents. The findings reveal that while PPPs have contributed to accelerated infrastructure development, challenges such as regulatory inconsistencies, financial risks, and lack of transparency continue to hinder their success. However, with proper governance structures, risk-sharing mechanisms, and improved public-private collaboration, PPPs hold substantial potential for future infrastructure projects in Indonesia. The study concludes that PPPs, when effectively implemented, can significantly support sustainable development and economic growth in Indonesia.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE TRANSFER AND PROMOTION SYSTEM FOR PROPER JOB PLACEMENT TO SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Moch Aji Widayat — 2026-04-20

Human resource (HR) management plays a pivotal role in achieving organizational goals by ensuring the right people are placed in the right roles. The optimization of HR transfer and promotion systems is critical to fostering employee satisfaction and organizational performance. However, many organizations face challenges in aligning HR processes with strategic objectives, leading to inefficiencies in job placement and performance. This study investigates the optimization of HR transfer and promotion systems to enhance job placement accuracy and support organizational performance. The research aims to analyze existing HR practices, identify key factors influencing job placement, and propose an optimized framework that aligns employee capabilities with organizational goals. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative case studies, expert interviews, and quantitative surveys. The findings reveal that organizations with structured and transparent HR systems experience higher employee satisfaction and better alignment between individual skills and job roles. In contrast, organizations with informal HR processes face misalignments, lower engagement, and suboptimal performance. The study concludes that formalizing HR transfer and promotion systems is essential for improving job fit, boosting employee satisfaction, and enhancing organizational performance. The research provides actionable recommendations for organizations to optimize HR practices and contribute to long-term success.

HEALTH INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY

wijaya wijaya — 2026-04-28

Health inequality remains a persistent global challenge, influenced significantly by social determinants such as income, education, and access to healthcare. Sociological perspectives emphasize that these disparities are not merely the result of individual behaviors but are deeply embedded within social structures and systems. This research explores the impact of social determinants on health inequality and examines how public health policies address these factors. The study aims to assess how sociological insights can inform public health policies aimed at reducing health disparities, particularly in marginalized communities. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing document analysis, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions across various socio-economic groups. The findings indicate that socio-economic status and education are the most significant determinants of health outcomes, with individuals from lower-income and less-educated backgrounds facing higher rates of chronic diseases. Additionally, public health policies that integrate these social determinants have been more effective in addressing health inequalities than those focused solely on healthcare access. The study concludes that addressing the root causes of health disparities through sociologically informed policy frameworks is essential for reducing inequality and promoting more equitable health outcomes.

COMMUNITY-BASED TERRITORIAL DEFENSE: STRENGTHENING CIVIL PARTICIPATION IN SAFEGUARDING NATIONAL SECURITY IN BORDER AREAS

Agung Wahyu Nurkoco — 2026-04-07

Border areas face increasingly complex security challenges that cannot be effectively addressed through state-centric approaches alone, highlighting the need for inclusive strategies that incorporate local communities. Civil participation plays a critical role in enhancing situational awareness, early threat detection, and collaborative security practices. This study aims to examine the role of community-based territorial defense in strengthening civil participation and improving national security outcomes in border areas. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative survey data from 200 border residents with qualitative insights from community leaders and security personnel. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics alongside thematic analysis to capture both measurable trends and contextual dynamics. Findings indicate that active community participation significantly correlates with improved perceived security, reduced localized threats, and enhanced coordination with security institutions. Institutional trust and access to training emerge as key predictors of participation, while social cohesion strengthens sustained engagement. The study concludes that community-based territorial defense provides an effective and context-sensitive framework for enhancing national security by integrating local knowledge, institutional support, and participatory governance. Sustainable implementation requires structured programs, trust-building mechanisms, and alignment with socio-cultural conditions in border regions.

GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA POLITICS

Sudarti Sudarti — 2026-04-28

Government communication strategies have undergone significant transformation with the advent of social media, changing how governments interact with their citizens. In an era where social media has become a primary platform for political discourse, governments are adopting new communication approaches to foster engagement, transparency, and public participation. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of government communication strategies on social media, comparing their impact in both democratic and authoritarian regimes. The research examines how different governments utilize social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to convey messages, interact with the public, and influence political behavior. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing content analysis and expert interviews across four countries: the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and China. The findings indicate that democratic governments engage more successfully with the public through transparent, interactive posts, fostering higher levels of trust and participation. In contrast, authoritarian governments utilize social media primarily as a tool for broadcasting state-controlled messages with minimal public engagement. The study concludes that government communication strategies should prioritize transparency and interactivity to enhance public engagement and trust in democratic societies, while authoritarian regimes may benefit from adopting more participatory approaches to improve public communication.