Quantum Sensing of Weak Magnetic Fields using Diamond NV Centers in Biological Environments
Abstract
Quantum sensing using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has emerged as a powerful approach for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields with high spatial resolution and ambient operational conditions. Despite their proven sensitivity in controlled environments, the performance of NV-based sensors in biological systems remains challenged by decoherence, optical scattering, and environmental noise. This study aims to investigate the capability of diamond NV centers to detect weak magnetic fields in biologically relevant environments and to evaluate the factors influencing their performance. An experimental–computational approach was employed, combining optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements with simulations of spin dynamics under varying environmental conditions. Nanodiamond samples were tested across buffer solutions, cell culture media, and tissue-like environments. The results indicate that NV centers retain the ability to detect weak magnetic fields in biological settings, although sensitivity decreases due to reduced coherence time and optical contrast. Surface functionalization improves stability and partially mitigates environmental effects, enhancing overall sensor performance. These findings suggest that NV-based quantum sensors offer a promising platform for non-invasive biological magnetometry, provided that material engineering and noise mitigation strategies are optimized. This study concludes that integrating quantum sensing with biological systems is feasible and can advance applications in biomedical diagnostics and cellular imaging..
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rithy Vann, Amir Raza, Nomsa Zulu
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