body {
  background-color: #f6f7fa;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #4c4c4c;
}

.navbar-brand {
  height: auto;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1260px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  padding-top: 15px;
}

.pkp_block {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.pkp_page_index .journal-description {
  margin: 1em 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f1f1;
}

section.cmp_announcements.media {
  margin-top: 0;
}

nav.cmp_breadcrumbs.cmp_breadcrumbs_announcement ol li {
  display: inline;
}

nav.cmp_breadcrumbs.cmp_breadcrumbs_announcement ol {
  background: whitesmoke;
  padding: 8px 8px 8px 10px;
  color: #585858;
}

nav.cmp_breadcrumbs.cmp_breadcrumbs_announcement ol .separator {
  color: #e2d7d7;
}

#customblock-Announcement,
#customblock-announcement {
  display: none;
}

.pkp_page_index #customblock-Announcement,
.pkp_page_index #customblock-announcement {
  display: block;
}

.navbar-default,
.header_view {
  border: none;
  border-color: transparent;
}

header .container {
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0px 1px 18px -10px rgb(0 75 189 / 75%);
  border-right: 1px solid white;
  border-left: 1px solid white;
}

.pkp_structure_content.container {
  margin-top: -20px;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  box-shadow: 0px 1px 18px -10px rgb(0 75 189 / 75%);
  border: 1px solid white;
}

.navbar-default,
.header_view {
  /* background-color: #f8f8f8; */
  /* border-color: #e7e7e7; */
  background-color: transparent;
}

div.issn {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 3rem;
  padding-top: 36px;
  text-align: right;
}

div.issn span {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.slick-slide {
  height: auto !important;
}

.journal_logo {
  padding: 0 0 0 15px;
  margin-top: -10px;
}

.container.main_menu {
  padding: 0 5px;
  box-shadow: 0px 7px 5px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a {
  color: white;
}

.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a:hover {
  color: rgb(182, 181, 181);
}

.navbar-default .navbar-collapse {
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1.09em;
}

.navbar-default .navbar-collapse em {
  margin-right: 10px;
}

h1,
.h1,
h2,
.h2,
h3,
.h3 {
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 1.7em;
}

h2,
.h2 {
  font-size: 1.6em;
}

.section h2 {
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

h3,
h4,
.h4 {
  font-size: 1.2em;
}

.page-header {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.page-header h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.text-grey {
  color: rgb(110, 110, 110);
}

.font-italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

.border-bottom {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ececec;
}

.media-heading h1,
.media-heading h2,
.media-heading h3,
.media-heading h4,
.media-heading h5,
.media-heading h6,
h1.media-heading,
h2.media-heading,
h3.media-heading,
h4.media-heading,
h5.media-heading,
h6.media-heading {
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

main.pkp_structure_main {
  background: white;
  padding: 20px;
}

.journal-description {
  text-align: justify;
}

aside#right {
  padding-right: 0 !important;
}

aside#left {
  padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.navbar-default .navbar-nav > .open > a,
.navbar-default .navbar-nav > li > a:hover {
  background-color: transparent !important;
}

.panel,
.pkp_block {
  border-radius: 0;
  border: 0;
  border: 1px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.pkp_block .content span.title {
  margin: -5px -5px 0px -5px;
}

.homepage-image img {
  box-shadow: 3px 5px 11px -9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

/* sidebar */
.pkp_block .content p span.title {
  padding-left: 15px;
  /* text-align: left; */
}

.pkp_block.block_custom h2.title {
  margin: -5px -5px 20px;
}

.pkp_block h4 {
  padding-left: 8px;
}

.panel-body,
.pkp_block .content {
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 0.98em;
  /* text-shadow: 3px 1px #f7f7f7; */
}

.pkp_block h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.pkp_block h2.title,
.pkp_block .content span.title,
.pkp_block span.title {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.25em;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #c1baba;
}

.pkp_block.archive_by_year > span.title {
  font-size: 1.15em;
}

.pkp_block ul li {
  border: 0;
}

/* tab issue on index journal, journal index, journalIndex*/
.pkp_page_index .issue_tab li svg.icon {
  width: 18px;
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin-top: -1px;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.issue_tab_container {
  padding-bottom: 18px;
}

.issue_tab .current_issue .page-header,
.upcoming_issue .page-header {
  border: 0;
}

.issue_tab .page-header h2 {
  font-size: 1.4em;
}

.issue_tab .section h2 {
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

.current_issue_title.lead,
.upcoming_issue_title.lead {
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.current_issue ul,
ul.galleys_links {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.current_issue ul.cmp_article_list.articles li,
ul.galleys_links li {
  list-style-type: none;
}

.current_issue .read-more {
  margin-top: 20px;
  float: right;
  clear: both;
}

.additional_content {
  clear: both;
}

/* article summary */
.__dimensions_badge_embed__ {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

ul.cmp_article_list {
  padding: 0;
}

ul.cmp_article_list li {
  list-style-type: none;
}

.obj_article_summary,
.section {
  clear: both;
}

.obj_article_summary {
  margin: 0 0 25px 0;
}

.obj_issue_toc .galleys {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.section {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.pkp_page_issue .obj_issue_toc .galleys {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.pkp_page_issue .obj_issue_toc .published {
  display: none;
}

.obj_issue_toc h2#issueTocGalleyLabel {
  font-size: 1.4em;
}

.article-summary .authors,
.article-summary .page,
.article-summary .article_statistic,
.article-summary .page_number {
  color: rgb(110, 110, 110);
}

.article-summary .cover img {
  width: 100%;
  box-shadow: 3px 2px 7px -7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  border: 1px solid #efefef;
}

.article_statistic {
  font-size: 0.95em;
}

.cmp_notification.warning.alert.alert-info {
  background: #f9f9f9;
  border-color: #efeded;
  color: #d0780d;
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px -10px rgb(226 226 226 / 75%);
}

.article-summary .authors {
  font-size: 0.85em;
}

.article-summary svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin-top: -2px;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.article-summary .abstract_count {
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.article-summary a.galley-link,
ul.galleys_links li a {
  margin-right: 10px;
  border-radius: 5px !important;
  font-size: 0.72em;
}

.pkp_page_article a.galley-link.btn.btn-primary,
.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button a {
  font-size: 0.72em;
}

div#customblock-SocialShare,
div#customblock-socialshare {
  padding: 5px 10px;
}

.social_share a {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 8px 0;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 0.85em;
}

.article-summary .article_stat,
.article-summary .pdf_count {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.article-summary h3 {
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.article-summary .page_number {
  font-size: 0.85em;
}

.obj_article_summary h3.title {
  font-size: 1.13em;
}

.article-summary .doi_container {
  margin-top: 7px;
  text-align: right;
  padding-right: 10px;
}

.article-summary .doi_link {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: url(../images/DOI_logo.svg) no-repeat center left;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 19px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  color: var(--jiem-orange-light);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.orcid a {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: url(../images/orcid_logo.svg) no-repeat center left;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 19px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  color: var(--jiem-orange-light);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.orcid_link {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: url(../images/orcid_logo.svg) no-repeat center left;
  padding: 7px 0 5px 19px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  color: var(--jiem-orange-light);
  text-decoration: none;
}

small.categories {
  padding: 3px 5px;
  margin: 0 5px 10px 0;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  border-radius: 2px;
  box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

small.categories a {
  color: #e8e8e8;
}

.obj_article_summary ul.galleys_links {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.obj_article_summary ul.galleys_links li {
  margin-top: 10px !important;
  display: inline;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

a.galley-link.btn-primary:hover {
  color: white;
}

.obj_article_summary .authors {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

/* page search */

fieldset .search_advanced {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.search_advanced label {
  color: black;
  font-size: 1em;
}

.search_advanced .from {
  margin: 10px 0;
}

.search-advanced select {
  height: 27px;
  border: 1px solid #dadada;
  border-radius: 5px;
  min-width: 80px;
}

/* footer */
footer[role="contentinfo"] {
  background: transparent;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

footer .container {
  border: 1px solid white;
  border-top: 0;
  /* box-shadow: -2px 4px 18px -10px rgb(0 75 189 / 75%); */
  box-shadow: 0px -1px 5px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

footer h4 {
  color: white;
}

footer .copyright-wrapper {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  color: #8a8787;
}

/* Block */
#customblock-LeftMenu,
#customblock-LeftColumnStart {
  display: none;
}

/* sidebarMenu */
#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item {
  padding: 13px 10px;
  margin: 0 0;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

p.menu_item .fa {
  color: var(--jiem-petrol);
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item:last-child,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item:last-child {
  border: 0;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f4f4f5;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item:hover,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item:hover {
  margin-right: 8px;
  box-shadow: -1px 0px 2px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  background: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%,
    rgba(246, 246, 246, 1) 67%,
    rgb(255 255 255) 100%
  );
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p .fa,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p .fa {
  margin-right: 8px;
}

/* end sidebar */

/* SocialShare Block */
div#customblock-SocialShare div.btn,
div#customblock-socialshare div.btn {
  display: block;
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 0.84em;
}

/* end SocialShare Block */

/* Annoucmenet Block  */
#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media {
  padding: 10px 10px 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media p,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media p {
  text-align: justify;
}

#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media p.date,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media p.date {
  color: #6f6f6f;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media .fa-calendar,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media .fa-calendar {
  margin-right: 10px;
}

/* end Annoucement block */

/* EditorialBoard Block */
#customblock-EditorialBoard h4,
#customblock-editorialboard h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #dad8d8;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin: 0px 10px 2px;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: bold;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard section:nth-of-type(1),
div#customblock-editorialboard section:nth-of-type(1) {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard .content,
div#customblock-editorialboard .content {
  padding: 2px 2px 21px 2px;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard h2,
div#customblock-editorialboard h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 13px;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard section,
div#customblock-editorialboard section {
  padding: 10px 0;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard li,
div#customblock-editorialboard li {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* end EditorialBoard */

/* keyword cloud */
.btn:focus {
  outline: none !important;
}

div#tagcloud {
  padding: 15px;
  background: white;
}

.block_Keywordcloud .prev_next {
  margin-right: 10px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.block_Keywordcloud .btn {
  border-color: #f1f1f1;
  box-shadow: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: rgb(214, 126, 10);
}

#tagcloud a:hover {
  text-shadow: 1px 0px 1px #8a8989;
}

/* JournalImpact  */
#customblock-JournalImpact p {
  text-align: center;
}

/* Most Read Improved credit to Anjygna */
.block_most_read li.most_read_article {
  margin: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #dad8d8;
  padding: 10px 0;
}

.block_most_read .info {
  padding: 5px 0;
}

.most_read_author .fa-user {
  color: #efa64c;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.block_most_read .stat svg {
  float: left;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

.block_most_read .stat .number,
.most_read_author,
.most_read_date {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: rgb(77, 76, 76);
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* color */

.btn-primary,
.btn-default {
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 5px -4px rgb(11 71 247 / 75%);
  padding: 8px 20px;
}

.btn-primary.galley-link {
  padding: 7px 10px;
}

.navbar-form .btn-default {
  background: white;
  color: black;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  padding: 7px 20px;
  border: 0;
}

.pkp_page_search .input-group .btn-default {
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.obj_article_summary .btn-primary {
  box-shadow: 1px 1px 0px 0px rgb(11 71 247 / 75%);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  border-color: rgb(204, 225, 245);
  text-shadow: none;
}

/* #customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item a { color: #8686f5 ;} */
/* #customblock-SidebarMenu p a:hover { color: #4c4ce9; text-shadow: 0px 0px 2px #9c9595;} */

/* Article details */

/* .pkp_page_article aside#right {  

} */

.pkp_page_article .page-header {
  border: 0;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  color: #494f65;
  text-shadow: 2px 2px #f1f1f1;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.pkp_page_article .cover-image img {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.pkp_page_article .downloads_chart {
  background: white;
  text-align: center;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_sidebar_stat {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 0 10px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  background: white;
  padding: 10px 10px 30px;
}

.pkp_page_article .downloads_chart h3.label {
  color: #504e4e;
  line-height: 3;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

.pkp_page_article .downloads_chart canvas {
  margin-left: -8px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.pkp_page_article .panel-default > .panel-heading {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.csl-bib-body {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.download_citation {
  padding: 10px 5px;
}

.download_citation a.dropdown-item {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title {
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #dad8d8;
  margin: 0 0px 8px;
}

.pkp_page_article .author_section {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  color: grey;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button {
  text-align: right;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button .fa {
  margin-right: 10px;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button a {
  border: 1px solid #f9bd5a;
  padding: 8px 15px 8px 10px;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button a:hover {
  color: white;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title div {
  padding: 0;
}

/* .pkp_page_article .download { margin: 20px 0;} */
.pkp_page_article a.galley-link.btn.btn-primary,
.share-button a.btn {
  display: inline;
  margin: 40px 10px 0 0;
  padding: 8px 15px;
}

.share-button a.btn,
#share_article a.btn {
  border: 1px solid rgb(255 194 124);
  color: rgb(241 80 19);
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 5px -4px rgb(11 71 247 / 75%);
  font-size: 0.8em;
}

.share-button a.btn:hover,
.share-button a.btn:active,
#share_article a.btn:hover,
#share_article a.btn:active {
  border: 1px solid rgb(233, 101, 13);
  color: rgb(114, 67, 5);
  background-color: white;
  outline-color: grey;
  outline-width: 1px;
}

#share_article {
  padding: 10px;
}

#share_article a.btn {
  width: 95%;
  padding: 10px;
}

#share_article .sharepopover {
  text-align: center;
}

.pkp_page_article h1 {
  font-size: 1.6em;
  margin: 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_content {
  margin-top: 10px;
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.pkp_page_article .tabbed_section {
  clear: both;
}

.pkp_page_article .article-abstract,
.obj_issue_toc .description,
.pkp_page_about {
  text-align: justify;
}

.pkp_page_article .date-list div {
  padding: 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .date-list li {
  display: inline;
  width: 150px;
}

.keywords .item {
  margin: 10px 0 40px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.view_counter {
  padding-right: 10px;
}

.view_counter svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.view_counter .number {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.list_of_keyword li {
  border: 1px solid #efefef;
  padding: 5px 8px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  margin-right: 10px;
  color: grey;
  box-shadow: 8px 9px 5px -13px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  display: inline-block;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
  padding: 7px 10px;
  background: #ffffff;
  list-style: none;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.article-references-content br {
  content: "";
  margin: 4em;
  display: block;
  font-size: 25%;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .doi {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  /* height: 30px !important; */
  background: url(../images/DOI_logo.svg) no-repeat top left;
  padding: 0px 0 5px 20px;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  color: var(--jiem-orange-light);
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs_catalog {
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs_catalog ol {
  padding: 8px 8px 8px 15px;
  background: #f5f5f5;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs_catalog li {
  list-style: none;
  display: inline;
}

/* Tabs panel */
.tabbed_section svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin: -2px 5px 0 0;
}

.tabbed_section li .fa {
  margin: 0 5px 0 0;
}

.tabbable-panel {
  padding: 10px;
}

/* Default mode */
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs {
  border: none;
  margin: 0px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li {
  margin-right: 2px;
  opacity: 0.68;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active {
  opacity: 1;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li > a {
  border: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  color: #737373;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li > a > i {
  color: #a6a6a6;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open > a,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover > a {
  border: 0;
  background: none !important;
  color: #333333;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open > a > i,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover > a > i {
  color: #a6a6a6;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open .dropdown-menu,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover .dropdown-menu {
  margin-top: 0px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active {
  position: relative;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active > a {
  border: 0;
  color: #333333;
  margin-top: -4px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active > a > i {
  color: #404040;
}

.tabbable-line > .tab-content {
  margin-top: -3px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  padding: 15px 0;
}

.portlet .tabbable-line > .tab-content {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Below tabs mode */

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li {
  border-top: 4px solid transparent;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li > a {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li:hover {
  border-bottom: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #fbcdcf;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li.active {
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  border-bottom: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #f3565d;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .tab-content {
  margin-top: -10px;
  border-top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li > a > i.fa-user {
  color: #f19c33;
}

.archive_by_year .issue_list:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}

.archive_by_year .fa {
  display: none;
}

.archive_by_year a {
  background: url(../images/tag.svg) top left no-repeat;
  padding-left: 25px;
  padding-top: 2px;
}

/* end tab panel */

/* jats  */
.XML_generated {
  text-align: justify;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

h2.full_articles {
  color: #e29914;
}

h3.article-section-title {
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin: 20px 0 1px 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-window {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  text-align: center;
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-content {
  margin: auto;
  margin-top: 8%;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-content p.caption span {
  color: white;
}

.modal-open .container-fluid,
.modal-open .container {
  -webkit-filter: blur(5px) grayscale(90%);
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-content .fa-2x {
  display: none;
}

/* single page jats */
main.jats_generate {
  margin-top: -40px;
}

.jatsParser__left-article-block {
  display: none;
}

.jatsParser__center-article-block {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  flex: 0 0 75% !important;
  text-align: justify;
}

h2.article-section-title {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.page-header a.btn.btn-default.btn-xs {
  font-size: 0.5em;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* toc */
.jats_toc .article_toc {
  background: white;
  margin-top: -8px;
}

.jats_toc .article_toc.is-sticky {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.article_toc h2 {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom-color: #efefef;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  color: rgb(47, 46, 43);
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

#article-navigation-menu-items .nav-link:before {
  content: " ";
  height: 12px;
  width: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 7px;
  padding-top: 3px;
  border: 1px solid #000;
}

#article-navigation-menu-items a.active:before {
  background-color: #80bfff;
  color: #b8eff3;
  border: 1px solid #80bfff;
}

#article-navigation-menu-items .nav-link:before:visited {
  border: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231);
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar {
  border: none;
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar a {
  display: block;
  margin: 5px;
  color: #545050;
  padding: 3px 0;
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar a:hover {
  color: rgb(62, 62, 228);
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar a:visited {
  color: rgb(165, 165, 165);
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar nav {
  padding-left: 10px;
}

#maintenance_container {
  background: #251722;
  height: 30px;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 999;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to bottom,
    rgb(66 4 61) 0%,
    rgb(70 9 46 / 70%) 100%
  );
}

/* share pop up */
.article_content {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

#shareModal .modal-content {
  background: white;
  display: block;
  text-align: left;
}

#shareModal h4 {
  color: grey;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #e0e0e0;
  padding-left: 0;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

#shareModal h4 svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin: -2px 5px 0 0;
}

#shareModal i.fa {
  width: 40px;
  font-size: 1.9em;
}

#shareModal a {
  margin-right: 15px;
}

#shareModal a.wa {
  color: green;
}

#shareModal a.fb {
  color: rgb(80, 60, 255);
}

#shareModal a.twitter {
  color: rgb(98, 171, 255);
}

#shareModal a.mail {
  color: rgb(189 48 81);
}

#shareModal a.telegram {
  color: rgb(34, 5, 199);
}

#shareModal a.mendeley {
  background: url("../images/mendeley.jpg") no-repeat;
  background-size: 25px !important;
  color: #860c0c;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 40px;
}

/* end share on article details page */

/* page about */
.contact_section > div {
  margin: 20px 0 30px 0;
}

.contact_section h3 {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.contact_section .label {
  color: rgb(63, 63, 63);
  padding: 0;
}

.label {
  color: rgb(77, 77, 77);
  padding: 0;
  margin-right: 20px;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.image-enlarge-link,
.download-image {
  display: none;
}

.pkp_page_article figure,
.pkp_page_article .figure,
figure .figure {
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 20px 0;
}

.pkp_page_article figure img,
.pkp_page_article .figure img {
  max-width: 98%;
  margin: auto;
}

.pkp_page_article figure p.caption,
.pkp_page_article .figure p.caption {
  text-align: center;
}

/* related article */
#related_articles small {
  color: #b3aeae;
  font-size: 0.6em;
}

/* refrence readmore  */

.article-references-content {
  padding-top: 15px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.article-references .readmore_references {
  width: 100px !important;
  padding: 6px;
  float: right;
}

.article-references-content + [data-readmore-toggle],
.article-references-content[data-readmore] {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.article-references-content[data-readmore] {
  transition: height 1600ms;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-references ol {
  margin: -10px 0px 0px -10px;
}

body.rtl .article-references ol {
  margin-left: 5px;
}

.article-references ol li {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.article-references .btn-info,
.article-references .btn-info:active:focus {
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: #de7112;
  border: 1px solid rgb(255 198 160);
}

#scrollTop {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 3%;
  right: 18%;
  display: none;
  border-radius: 17px;
  /* background: transparent; */
  border: 1px solid #e0d4d4;
  background: white;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  /* font-size: 0.8em; */
  color: #d47513;
}

button#scrollTop:focus {
  outline: none;
}

/* utilities */
.text-justify {
  text-align: justify;
}

.pkp_block.block_custom h2.title.pkp_screen_reader {
  display: none;
}

/* Plumx  */

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container-vertical.plx-no-print .pps-branding-top {
  padding: 10px 10px 30px;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container-vertical .pps-branding-top {
  padding: 10px 10px 30px;
}

.PlumX-Summary {
  background: white;
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-usage,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-citation,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-capture,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-plum {
  border: 0;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-cols {
  padding: 8px;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container-vertical.plx-no-print .pps-branding-top {
  border-bottom: 4px solid #eae4ea;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container {
  float: unset !important;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-col-empty {
  border-top: unset !important;
}

.crossmark {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pull-lg-right {
    float: right !important;
  }
}

span.previous-icon::after {
  content: "←";
}

span.next-icon::after {
  content: "→";
}

img,
video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

#customblock-leftcolumnstart {
    display: none;
}

/* =========================================================
   JOURNAL ISLAMIC ECONOMIC MINANGKABAU (JIEM)
   Tema Luxury Vibrant Orange - Aksen Netral & Kontras
   Warna utama: #ff7b00 (oranye cerah), dipadukan dengan EMPAT
   warna aksen yang MUTED/dingin sebagai kontras (bukan jewel-tone
   cerah, bukan emas), sesuai permintaan "netral dan kontras", dan
   sengaja dibedakan dari palet 6 jurnal lain yang sudah dikerjakan
   sebelumnya (bukan copper/emerald/burgundy/platinum; bukan
   terracotta/indigo/plum/slate; bukan coral/teal/maroon/taupe;
   bukan marigold/olive/raspberry/pewter; bukan bronze/sage/
   rosewood/graphite; bukan amethyst/steel denim/warm stone/
   charcoal ink). Karena warna utama di sini sudah hangat & cerah,
   keempat aksen justru dibuat DINGIN/netral supaya kontrasnya
   terasa, bukan menambah "keramaian" warna hangat:
     - Petrol navy : navbar, tombol search, CTA utama
       (biru-hijau tua kalem, kontras tegas terhadap oranye)
     - Pine green  : ikon blok "People", ikon most-read author
       (hijau tua kebiruan, dingin & netral)
     - Espresso    : ikon sosial, ikon footer
       (coklat gelap netral, beda dari semua coklat hangat lain)
     - Ash grey    : bookmark, judul footer, border dropdown
       (abu netral murni, kontras lembut)
   Setiap aksen punya "wilayah" sendiri supaya tampilan tetap
   rapi dan elegan, bukan sekadar tempel-tempel warna acak.
   Kontras teks dijaga tinggi (ivory di atas oranye gelap) supaya
   tulisan tetap terbaca jelas di semua kombinasi warna.
   ========================================================= */

:root {
  /* --- Oranye cerah (warna utama brand) --- */
  --jiem-orange-deep: #8a3d00;   /* oranye paling gelap */
  --jiem-orange: #ff7b00;        /* ORANYE UTAMA (brand color) */
  --jiem-orange-light: #ffa64d;  /* oranye terang untuk aksen & hover */

  /* --- Petrol navy: aksen dingin utama (navbar, CTA) --- */
  --jiem-petrol: #1d4e66;
  --jiem-petrol-light: #4b7d99;

  /* --- Pine green: aksen ikon blok People & most-read author --- */
  --jiem-pine: #2f5233;
  --jiem-pine-light: #5c8a63;

  /* --- Espresso: aksen ikon sosial & footer --- */
  --jiem-espresso: #5c4033;
  --jiem-espresso-light: #8a6a52;

  /* --- Ash grey: aksen netral murni untuk kontras lembut --- */
  --jiem-ash: #6b6b6b;
  --jiem-ash-light: #a3a3a3;

  /* --- Netral --- */
  --jiem-ivory: #fff8f0;         /* putih gading hangat, teks di atas oranye gelap */
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   NAVBAR UTAMA - gradasi oranye cerah + aksen petrol navy
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
.container.main_menu {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--jiem-orange-deep) 0%,
    var(--jiem-orange) 65%,
    var(--jiem-orange-light) 100%
  ) !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--jiem-petrol-light);
}

.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a {
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
}

.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a:hover {
  color: var(--jiem-petrol-light) !important;
}

/* Ikon di setiap item menu navbar (Home, Issues, Contact,
   Announcements, Manuscript Template, Forthcoming, dst).
   Menjangkau svg/i/em/.fa supaya semua kemungkinan bentuk ikon kena. */
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a > svg,
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a > i,
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a > em,
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a .fa {
  color: var(--jiem-ash-light) !important;
  fill: var(--jiem-ash-light) !important;
}

/* Dropdown submenu (mis. "Issues" > Current/Archives) - aksen pine
   green supaya berbeda dari border navbar (petrol), tetap kontras
   di atas latar terang dropdown */
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav .dropdown-menu {
  background: #fbfaf5 !important;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--jiem-pine) !important;
}
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav .dropdown-menu li a {
  color: var(--jiem-orange-deep) !important;
}
.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav .dropdown-menu li a:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    var(--jiem-orange-deep) 0%,
    var(--jiem-orange) 100%
  ) !important;
  color: var(--jiem-petrol-light) !important;
}

/* Tombol Search di ujung menu - gradasi petrol navy, kontras
   jelas di atas oranye */
.navbar-form .btn-default {
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    var(--jiem-petrol) 0%,
    var(--jiem-petrol-light) 100%
  ) !important;
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* =========================================================
   Override warna blok "People" (#customblock-SidebarMenu)
   Ikon Font Awesome memakai PINE GREEN (dingin, netral) supaya
   blok ini punya identitas warna sendiri yang berbeda dari navbar.
   ========================================================= */

p.menu_item .fa {
  color: var(--jiem-pine) !important;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item .fa,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item .fa {
  color: var(--jiem-pine) !important;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item:hover,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    rgba(255, 123, 0, 0.12) 0%,
    rgba(255, 123, 0, 0.04) 67%,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%
  ) !important;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item a,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item a {
  color: var(--jiem-orange-deep);
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item:hover a,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item:hover a {
  color: var(--jiem-pine);
}

/* =========================================================
   Kotak judul SEMUA blok sidebar (People, Journal Issue, Member,
   Visitor, Journal Policies, Submission, dst) disamakan dengan
   oranye navbar, dengan garis bawah ASH GREY supaya kontras
   lembut dan netral, berbeda dari jurnal-jurnal lain.
   ========================================================= */
.pkp_block .content span.title,
.pkp_block > strong > span.title,
.pkp_block span.title,
.pkp_block h2.title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) {
  display: block !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--jiem-orange-deep) 0%,
    var(--jiem-orange) 100%
  ) !important;
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  padding: 14px 16px !important;
  margin: 0 0 15px 0 !important;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--jiem-ash-light);
  text-shadow: none !important;
  font-weight: bold;
}
/* Kalau induknya <p> atau <strong>, pastikan mereka tidak menambah jarak/lebar ekstra */
.pkp_block p:has(> strong > span.title),
.pkp_block > strong:has(> span.title) {
  display: block !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  width: 100%;
}

/* Pastikan judul screen-reader-only TETAP tersembunyi (jangan sampai ikut tampil) */
.pkp_block h2.title.pkp_screen_reader,
.pkp_block .title.pkp_screen_reader {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Perbaikan tambahan: kalau judul blok ("People", "Journal Policies")
   berupa <a> link, warnanya perlu disasar langsung di elemen <a>-nya,
   karena warna link biasanya lebih spesifik daripada warna induknya. */
.pkp_block h2.title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) a,
.pkp_block h2.title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) a:visited,
.pkp_block h2.title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) a:hover,
.pkp_block span.title a,
.pkp_block span.title a:visited {
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* =========================================================
   CTA "Submit Your Paper" / "Become a Reviewer" + ikon sosial
   Ditaruh di file CSS eksternal ini (bukan <style> di HTML)
   karena tag <style> di field konten selalu terhapus.
   ========================================================= */
@keyframes jiemPulseGlow {
  0%   { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(29, 78, 102, 0.55); }
  70%  { box-shadow: 0 0 0 12px rgba(29, 78, 102, 0); }
  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(29, 78, 102, 0); }
}

.jwfm-cta-submit {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 240px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--jiem-orange-deep) 0%,
    var(--jiem-orange) 100%
  );
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--jiem-petrol);
  animation: jiemPulseGlow 2.2s infinite;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
}
.jwfm-cta-submit:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.03);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--jiem-orange) 0%, var(--jiem-orange-light) 100%);
  animation-play-state: paused;
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
}

.jwfm-cta-reviewer {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 240px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 9px 0;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--jiem-orange-deep) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--jiem-orange-deep);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.jwfm-cta-reviewer:hover {
  background: var(--jiem-orange-deep);
  color: var(--jiem-petrol-light) !important;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* Ikon sosial - dasar oranye gelap, hover ke gradasi ESPRESSO
   supaya beda dari aksen petrol (navbar) dan pine (People) */
.jwfm-social-icon {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 0 4px 6px 0;
  padding: 7px 14px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--jiem-orange-deep);
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, background 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}
.jwfm-social-icon:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--jiem-espresso) 0%, var(--jiem-espresso-light) 100%);
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.06);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(138, 61, 0, 0.35);
}

/* =========================================================
   Penyesuaian ikon Font Awesome lain di luar navbar/sidebar,
   masing-masing diberi warna aksen berbeda supaya halaman
   tidak terasa monoton satu warna:
     - most-read author     -> pine green
     - keyword cloud        -> oranye (tetap netral, sudah kontras)
     - share/download       -> oranye (tetap, sudah sesuai identitas)
     - bookmark forthcoming -> ash grey (kontras lembut di atas oranye)
   ========================================================= */
.most_read_author .fa-user {
  color: var(--jiem-pine) !important;
}

.block_Keywordcloud .btn {
  color: var(--jiem-orange) !important;
}

.share-button a.btn,
#share_article a.btn {
  border: 1px solid var(--jiem-orange-light) !important;
  color: var(--jiem-orange) !important;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 5px -4px rgba(255, 123, 0, 0.5) !important;
}

.share-button a.btn:hover,
.share-button a.btn:active,
#share_article a.btn:hover,
#share_article a.btn:active {
  border: 1px solid var(--jiem-orange-deep) !important;
  color: var(--jiem-orange-deep) !important;
}

.article-references .btn-info,
.article-references .btn-info:active:focus {
  color: var(--jiem-orange) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--jiem-orange-light) !important;
}

#scrollTop {
  border: 1px solid var(--jiem-orange-light) !important;
  color: var(--jiem-orange) !important;
}

/* =========================================================
   Default warna ikon Font Awesome generik (di luar navbar/
   sidebar yang sudah diatur di atas) tetap oranye utama, supaya
   warna aksen (petrol/pine/espresso/ash) hanya muncul di
   titik-titik yang memang sengaja ditonjolkan, bukan di semua
   ikon sekaligus.
   #shareModal DIKECUALIKAN karena ikon di sana (WA/FB/Twitter/
   Mail/Telegram) sengaja berwarna sesuai identitas brand
   masing-masing platform, bukan warna tema situs.
   ========================================================= */
.fa,
.fas,
.far,
.fal,
.fab {
  color: var(--jiem-orange);
}

#shareModal i.fa {
  color: inherit !important;
}

/* Ikon bookmark "Forthcoming" (OJS core) - diberi warna ASH GREY
   terang supaya kontras jelas di atas oranye gelap, dan berbeda
   dari aksen petrol yang sudah dipakai navbar/CTA. */
.fa-bookmark {
  color: var(--jiem-ash-light) !important;
}


/* =========================================================
   FOOTER - Desain luxury netral & kontras
   Warna & bentuk footer ditaruh di .container (bukan di
   footer[role="contentinfo"] yang full-width), supaya lebar
   kiri-kanannya sama persis dengan .container.main_menu
   (navbar atas): max-width 1260px, center, tidak edge-to-edge.
   Kartu oranye gelap-ke-oranye, border atas petrol (menyatu
   dengan navbar), judul kolom ash grey, ikon espresso - supaya
   footer punya nuansa dingin-netral yang menyeimbangkan oranye
   cerah di navbar, tetap satu keluarga luxury.
   ========================================================= */
footer[role="contentinfo"] {
  background: transparent !important;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 30px;
}

footer .container {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--jiem-orange-deep) 0%,
    var(--jiem-orange) 100%
  ) !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--jiem-petrol) !important;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 -2px 12px -4px rgba(138, 61, 0, 0.35) !important;
  padding: 35px 25px 0 25px;
}

footer h4 {
  color: var(--jiem-ash-light) !important;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.05em;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(163, 163, 163, 0.35);
}

footer p,
footer li,
footer span {
  color: var(--jiem-ivory);
}

footer a {
  color: var(--jiem-ivory) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, padding-left 0.2s ease;
}

footer a:hover {
  color: var(--jiem-petrol-light) !important;
  padding-left: 3px;
}

footer .fa,
footer svg {
  color: var(--jiem-espresso-light) !important;
  margin-right: 6px;
}

footer .copyright-wrapper {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.78em;
  padding: 14px 25px;
  margin: 25px -25px 0 -25px;
  color: var(--jiem-ivory);
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(163, 163, 163, 0.25);
  border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px;
}

footer .copyright-wrapper a {
  color: var(--jiem-ash-light) !important;
}