Legal Analysis of the Role of Quarantine Veterinarians in the Enforcement of Criminal Sanctions for Animal Quarantine Violations in Indonesia
Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia 
Article Sidebar
-
Dokter Hewan Karantina, Tindak Pidana karantina, Biosekuriti
Abstract
The increase in global trade traffic has heightened the risk of spreading Quarantine Animal Pests and Diseases (HPHK), thereby demanding the effectiveness of the quarantine system not only administratively but also in the enforcement of criminal law. The main issue of this study is the lack of optimal understanding regarding the legal status of quarantine veterinarians and their role in the evidentiary process for animal quarantine crimes, which are of a technical-scientific nature. This study aims to analyze the legal status of quarantine veterinarians and examine their role as expert witnesses in the criminal evidentiary system. This study aims to analyze the legal status of quarantine veterinarians and their role in the process of proving animal quarantine crimes. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, supported by qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that quarantine veterinarians possess attributive authority as quarantine officials under Law No. 21 of 2019, while simultaneously serving as expert witnesses whose testimony is determinative in proving the elements of quarantine offenses. The novelty of this study lies in the finding that the proof of animal quarantine offenses is expert-dependent; without the testimony of a quarantine veterinarian, the element of disease transmission risk as the core of the offense cannot be legally and convincingly proven in court. The effectiveness of quarantine law enforcement depends not only on legal norms but also on the integration of legal and veterinary scientific aspects. This study affirms that quarantine veterinarians are key actors in ensuring the success of evidence presentation and the imposition of criminal sanctions in animal quarantine cases.
Full text article
References
Admin. (2023). PP 29/2023: Implementing Regulation of Law No. 21 of 2019 on Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine. JDIH KEMENKO. https://jdih.kemenkoinfra.go.id/pp-292023-peraturan-pelaksanaan-undang-undang-nomor-21-tahun-2019-tentang-karantina-hewan-ikan-dan-tumbuhan
Alamri, F, T. and F. (2025). Copyright Law in Photographic Works: Authorship, Originality, and Protection. Scopus., Law in Pho. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003586555
Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S. H. (2023). Provisions on the Quarantine of Animals, Fish, and Plants. Hukumonilne. https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/provisions-of-quarantine-of-animals-fish-and-plants-lt6446411911e47/
Borbon, D. (2024). Free will, quarantines, and moral enhancements: neuroabolitionism as an alternative to criminal law. Frontiers in Sociology, 9. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1395986.
Bulu, P., Pasau, P., Lenda, V., Wera, E., Rohyati, E., Welkis, E., Bili, F., Muchlis, M., & Lasakar, A. (2025). Pmk Review: Vaccination And Biosecurity As Key Elements In The Control And Prevention Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease In Indonesia. Urnal.Politeknikoe. https://doi.org/10.35726/jp.v30i3.7421.
Debi Amalia, Anis Rifai, S. (2025). The Role of the Visum et Repertum: A Case Study of Several Criminal Judgments Regarding Animal Cruelty. Binamulia Hukum. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v14i1.1028
Dr. Muhaimin, SH., M. H. (2020). METHODS OF LEGAL RESEARCH. Mataram University Press.
Erniyanti, E., Putri, Y. H. (2023). Juridical Analysis of the Authority of Quarantine Officials in Handling Illegal Cattle Importation on Batam Island. IJELLACUSH. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v3i1.1395
Esposito, M., Turku, S., Lehrfield, L., & Shoman, A. (2023). The Impact of Human Activities on Zoonotic Infection Transmissions. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101646.
Fiegler-Rudol, J., Lau, M., & Kasperczyk, H. (2024). Public health threat of novel zoonotic diseases: literature review. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.32394/pe/188161.
Firman, A., Trisman, I., & Puradireja, R. (2022). Economic Impact Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreaks On Cattle And Buffalo In Indonesia. Agribusiness Forum: Journal of Scientific Community Thought with a Vision. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v8i2.7749.
Graham, J., Hayes, L., Manyweathers, J., Fountain, J., & Hernandez-Jover, M. (2025). Understanding how on-?foot-??Australian Veterinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13422
Hartati, Erna Dwi, B. K. I. (2025). Digital transformation strategies for Barantin toward a world-class quarantine agency. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge,. https://doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v5i2.10759
Ichsan, M., Asis, A., & Mirzana, H. (2022). The Authority of Civil Servant Investigators in Handling Fish Quarantine Crimes Based on the Provisions of Law No. 21 of 2019. Scientific Journal of Pancasila and Citizenship Education. https://doi.org/10.17977/um019v7i1p265-273.
Indriati, E., Ana, S., & Nugroho, N. (2022). Philosophy of Law and the Development of Law as a Normative Legal Science. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i1.293.
Kapiso, P., Tahir, A., Aneta, Y., & Abdussamad, J. (2025). Assessing Human Resource Competencies in Port Quarantine Supervision: An Analysis from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v11i3.11398.
Leth-Espensen, M. (2024). Monitoring care, curating suffering: Law, bureaucracy and veterinary expertise in contemporary animal politics. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380261241261816.
Majiwa, H., Bukachi, S., Omia, D., & Fèvre, E. (2024). Knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding zoonotic diseases among stakeholders in the livestock trade within the Lake Victoria Crescent ecosystem in East Africa. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199664.
Marianus G. P. Narut, Nursalam, Delila A. Nahak Seran, A. O. E. M. (2025). Implementation Of Law No. 21 Of 2019 On Animal, Fish, And Plant Quarantine At The Ntt Animal, Fish, And Plant Quarantine Office (Animal Quarantine Study). Wiyatapublisher, 2025, 566–578. https://doi.org/10.71128/e-gov.v3i2.319
Mores, C., Castro, M., & De Melo, C. (2025). Forensic examinations in the investigations of crimes involving animals: a review. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20240071.
Narut, M. G. P., Nursalam, N., S. (2022). Implementation of Law No. 21 of 2019 on Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine at the NTT Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office (Animal Quarantine Study). Journal of Education and Government Wiyata. https://doi.org/10.71128/e-gov.v3i2.319
Nurjannah, Z., Amrullah, R., Susanti, E., Husin, B. R., Farid, M. (2025). The Role of the Bandar Lampung Quarantine Office in Criminal Law Enforcement Against the Crime of Bird Smuggling. Aliansi. https://doi.org/10.62383/
Prananto, I., Sunardi, S., & Muhibbin, M. (2023). Expert’ ’s Testimony Evidence in the Criminal Justice Process in Indonesia. International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources. https://doi.org/10.51749/injurlens.v3i1.42.
Priyadi, P., Suhaidi, S., & Isnaini, I. (2022). Application of Law No. 21 of 2019 on Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine to the Criminal Offense of Illegally Importing Swiftlet Nests from Malaysia to Tanjung Balai Asahan. Journal of Education, Humanities, and Social Sciences (JEHSS). https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i4.1069.
Putri, Y., Respationo, S., Erniyanti, E., & Parameshwara, P. (2023). Legal analysis of the authority of quarantine officials in handling illegal cattle importation. Annals of Justice and Humanity. https://doi.org/10.35912/ajh.v2i1.1768.
Setyawan Pramularsih, Nam Rumkel, I. R. (2020). Effectiveness Of Law Enforcement Against Quarantine Crimes By Civil Servant Investigators. Ejournal.Stih, IV(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.56301/juris.v4i2.116
Simanjuntak, T. G., Harahap, L. R., & Sembiring, A. M. (2024). The Role of Visum Et Repertum in Proving Criminal Matters in Indonesia. The International Journal of Law, Social Science, and Humanities. https://doi.org/10.70193/ijlsh.v1i2.164
Smolin, A. (2023). Development of the Institute of Criminal Procedural Evidence. Siberian Law Review. https://doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2024-21-1-93-106.
Suparmin, E., & Miharja, M. (2022). Provisions of Article 93 of Law No. 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine Reviewed from the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Law. JISIP (Journal of Social Sciences and Education). http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v6i3.3237
Surbakti, F. A. (2025). Regulation of criminal sanctions against corporations in administrative penal law in the context of criminal law reform. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5779
Suyanto. (2025). Law Enforcement’s Response To The Criminal Act Of Health Quarantine Under Law Number 6 Of 2018. https://Doi.Org/10.61543/Equ.V3i1.109
Yatsenko, I., Tkachuk, S., Savchuk, L., Mushynskyi, A., & Tokarchuk, T. (2025). Forensic expertise on suspected flaws in organizing and implementing veterinary-sanitary measures that allegedly led to the emergence and spread of infectious animal diseases. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems. https://doi.org/10.15421/0225041.
Zebua, E., Dahlan, D., Fadhil, S., Respationo, S., & Erniyanti, E. (2024). Juridical Analysis of the Authority of Quarantine Investigators in Handling Cases of Animal Entry That Have Exceeded the Entry and Exit Points in Batam City. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijlcj.v1i3.159.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Nilam M. Siregar, Dwi Pratiwi Markus, Sri Yati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
