EXPLORING SUPERCONDUCTIVITY PHENOMENA IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN FUTURE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Indonesia 
Japan Japan 
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Ceramic Superconductors, Critical Current Density, Energy Storage
Abstract
High-temperature ceramic superconductors offer promising pathways for future energy storage because their near-zero electrical resistance and strong magnetic behavior may support efficient high-current applications. This study aimed to compare superconducting phenomena in YBCO, Bi-2212, and Bi-2223 ceramics and evaluate their material-level relevance to prospective superconducting magnetic energy storage systems. A comparative laboratory-based experimental design was employed using structural characterization, scanning electron microscopy, four-probe resistivity measurements, magnetic analysis, critical current evaluation, thermal cycling, and field-dependent testing. The results showed that Bi-2223 achieved the highest superconducting onset temperature, whereas YBCO exhibited the strongest overall functional profile through a narrower transition width, higher critical current density, stronger magnetic shielding, and more stable current transport. Bi-2212 demonstrated reproducible superconductivity but showed comparatively weaker grain connectivity and lower current-carrying performance. Correlation analysis further indicated that phase purity, grain connectivity, and flux-pinning behavior were strongly associated with superconducting performance. The study concludes that critical temperature alone is insufficient for assessing energy-storage suitability. A multidimensional evaluation integrating thermal, electrical, magnetic, and microstructural properties provides a more reliable basis for identifying promising superconducting materials for future storage technologies while highlighting the need for conductor-scale and device-level validation under realistic cryogenic, mechanical, and high-field operating conditions over extended cycles.
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References
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