NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN CROP PRODUCTION INNOVATIONS IN FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND ORGANIC PRACTICES FOR ENHANCED SOIL FERTILITY
Indonesia 
Afghanistan Afghanistan 
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Counseling, Education, Intervention Quality, Professional Training, School Psychology
Abstract
Increasing complexity of student psychological and behavioral issues in school environments necessitates highly competent counselors capable of delivering effective interventions. Counselor training programs are designed to enhance professional competencies, yet empirical evidence regarding their direct impact on intervention quality remains limited. This study aims to examine the effect of counselor training programs on the quality of interventions in schools. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group comparison was employed. Data were collected from school counselors using standardized intervention quality scales, competency assessments, and structured observation instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired and independent sample t-tests. Results indicate significant improvements in intervention effectiveness, counselor competency, student behavioral outcomes, response time efficiency, and ethical compliance after training implementation (p < 0.01). Trained counselors demonstrated higher performance compared to untrained counterparts across all measured indicators. The findings confirm that structured training programs substantially enhance the quality of school counseling interventions. The study concludes that counselor professional development is a critical determinant of effective school-based mental health services and should be systematically integrated into educational policy and practice frameworks.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Riduwan Riduwan, Zara Ali, Rafiullah Amin
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