Socio-Technical Transitions toward Industry 5.0: A Dynamic Capabilities Framework for Integrating Human-Centric Automation in Manufacturing
Indonesia 
Tajikistan Tajikistan 
Abstract
Industry 5.0 calls for manufacturing systems that combine advanced automation with human well-being, resilience, and meaningful worker participation. This study aims to develop and examine a dynamic capabilities framework explaining how sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capabilities support the integration of human-centric automation in manufacturing. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, combining survey data from 458 respondents across 162 manufacturing firms with interviews involving 48 participants from ten selected cases. Quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, while qualitative evidence was examined through thematic and cross-case analysis. The findings show that sensing capability strengthens seizing capability, while seizing capability significantly enhances reconfiguring capability. Reconfiguring capability exerts the strongest direct effect on human-centric automation, particularly when employee participation is high. Human-centric automation also improves socio-technical integration, which subsequently strengthens productivity, flexibility, innovation, quality, and organizational resilience. Case evidence confirms that participatory design, workforce reskilling, transparent governance, and workflow redesign are essential for aligning intelligent technologies with human expertise. These relationships distinguish technically functional automation from genuinely human-centred industrial transformation processes. The study concludes that Industry 5.0 transition depends not on technological adoption alone, but on the firm’s ability to reconfigure organizational structures, employee roles, and learning systems around human-machine collaboration.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fiqih Ananda, Umed Akhmedov , Suhrob Shamsiev
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