Cybercrime and Legal Frameworks: The Role of National and International Law in Combatting Online Offenses
Malaysia Malaysia 
Brazil 
Indonesia 
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Cybercrime, International Law, Legal Frameworks
Abstract
Background. Cybercrime has become a critical global challenge as digital transformation accelerates the emergence of sophisticated online offenses that transcend territorial boundaries. The increasing complexity of cyberattacks exposes limitations of conventional legal systems and highlights the need for adaptive national and international legal frameworks.
Purpose. This study aims to examine the role of domestic regulations and international legal mechanisms in combating cybercrime while identifying challenges in enforcement and cooperation.
Method. The research employed a qualitative normative legal approach through comparative analysis of cybercrime laws, international conventions, policy documents, and relevant academic literature.
Results. The findings reveal that effective cybercrime governance depends on the integration of comprehensive legislation, institutional capacity, and cross-border collaboration. The analysis demonstrates that fragmented legal approaches create enforcement gaps exploited by cybercriminals, whereas harmonized frameworks strengthen prevention, investigation, and prosecution processes.
Conclusion. The study concludes that national and international laws must evolve together to address emerging cyber threats and ensure sustainable digital security.
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