BEYOND THE TEST: DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING A DIGITAL FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR MEASURING COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS
Abstract
In the context of modern education, collaborative problem-solving (CPS) has become a crucial skill for students to develop, as it directly impacts their ability to work in teams and solve real-world problems. However, existing assessment tools often fail to capture the full scope of CPS abilities, particularly in collaborative settings. This study aims to develop and validate a digital formative assessment tool designed to measure collaborative problem-solving skills in students. The tool incorporates both individual and group-based problem-solving tasks, aligning with the principles of authentic learning experiences. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining the development of the assessment tool with a validation process involving expert reviews, pilot testing, and statistical analysis of the tool’s reliability and validity. The results indicated that the tool demonstrated strong validity and reliability, with significant improvements in students' CPS skills being observed after engaging with the digital assessment. This study concludes that a well-designed digital formative assessment tool can effectively measure collaborative problem-solving abilities and provide valuable feedback for students and educators. The findings contribute to the growing body of research on digital assessment tools and offer practical implications for educators seeking to foster collaborative skills in the classroom.
Full text article
References
Carvajal-Parodi, C. (2025). Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Exercise for Pain Management in Fibromyalgia: An Exploratory Study with Risk of Poor Outcomes Stratification. Applied Sciences Switzerland, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115956
Chen, H. (2025). Immersive Virtual Reality Versus Video Distraction for the Management of Emergence Delirium in Children: A Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 40(2), 318–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2024.05.006
Cortés-Pérez, I. (2025). Immersive virtual reality reduces depression, anxiety and stress in patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Heart and Lung, 70(Query date: 2026-01-04 12:38:34), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.11.018
Godoy-Cumillaf, A. (2025). Impact on Body Composition and Physical Fitness of an Exercise Program Based on Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Report. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010056
Kaakkurivaara, T. (2025). Immersive virtual reality in forestry work–implementation for chainsaw training. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 36(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2024.2414694
Kenea, C. D. (2025). Immersive Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy in Upper Limb Recovery. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061783
Lattré, T. (2025). Immersive virtual reality in the rehabilitation of athlete nerve entrapments. International Orthopaedics, 49(4), 943–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-025-06433-3
Nouri, I. (2025). Impact of immersive virtual reality on environmental mental imagery, climate risk perception and attitudes towards mitigation behaviors. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/16833
O’leary, N. (2025). Immersive virtual reality in second-level education: A partnered narrative on the challenges and opportunities for STEM engagement. Access Microbiology, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001028.v4
Reddy, T. (2025). Immersive virtual reality training to identify and investigate child abuse: A review of emerging progress and future directions. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 6(Query date: 2026-01-04 12:38:34). https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2025.1550907
Rhodes, J. R. (2025). Immersive Virtual Reality to Reduce Pain and Anxiety in Individuals Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery for Acute Trauma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 73(1), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2024.2433270
Sarrió-Colas, L. (2025). Immersive Virtual Reality in Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Youth with Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study in a Rural Context. Applied Sciences Switzerland, 15(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169013
Smith, L. C. (2025). Immersive virtual reality-assisted therapy targeting persistent auditory verbal hallucinations in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Denmark: The Challenge assessor-masked, randomised clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 12(8), 557–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00161-0
Stracke, C. M. (2025). Immersive virtual reality in higher education: A systematic review of the scientific literature. Virtual Reality, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01136-x
Ummihusna, A. (2025). Immersive virtual reality in experiential learning for architecture design education: An action research. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 17(2), 738–758. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-06-2023-0266
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Ali, Fadumo Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.