The Utilization of Virtual Reality (VR) of Islamic Historical Sites to Enhance Contextual Understanding of Sababun Nuzul Hadiths
Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia 
Abstract
Background. Understanding the historical context of Hadiths, particularly the Sababun Nuzul (circumstances surrounding the emergence and transmission of Hadiths), remains a significant challenge for students in Islamic studies. Conventional teaching methods often rely on textual descriptions that limit learners’ ability to visualize historical settings and events.
Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing Virtual Reality (VR) representations of Islamic historical sites in enhancing students’ contextual understanding of Sababun Nuzul Hadiths. The study also explored students’ perceptions of VR-based learning as an educational tool in Islamic studies.
Method. A quantitative research design was employed involving undergraduate students enrolled in Islamic studies courses. Participants experienced VR-based learning environments featuring reconstructed Islamic historical sites associated with selected Hadith narratives. Data were collected through contextual understanding tests and perception questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.
Results. The findings revealed that students who engaged with VR-based learning demonstrated significantly higher levels of contextual understanding compared to those who learned through conventional instructional approaches. The participants also reported positive perceptions regarding learning motivation, engagement, historical visualization, and knowledge retention.
Conclusion. The integration of Virtual Reality into Islamic education provides an effective approach to improving students’ contextual understanding of Sababun Nuzul Hadiths. The immersive and interactive nature of VR facilitates meaningful learning experiences and supports the modernization of Islamic educational practices. Future studies are encouraged to explore the integration of both VR and AR technologies across broader areas of Islamic learning.
Full text article
References
Akbari, M. (2022). A systematic review of AR/VR in operations and supply chain management: Maturity, current trends and future directions. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 15(4), 534–565. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-09-2021-0078
Akbari, M. (2024). AoI-Aware Energy-Efficient SFC in UAV-Aided Smart Agriculture Using Asynchronous Federated Learning. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 5(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 1222–1242. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3363132
Ali, A. (2022). A Cost and Energy Efficient Task Scheduling Technique to Offload Microservices Based Applications in Mobile Cloud Computing. IEEE Access, 10(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 46633–46651. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3170918
Alshammari, S. H. (2024). An integration of expectation confirmation model and information systems success model to explore the factors affecting the continuous intention to utilise virtual classrooms. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69401-8
Belgacem, A. (2023). A machine learning model for improving virtual machine migration in cloud computing. Journal of Supercomputing, 79(9), 9486–9508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-022-05031-z
Brown, K. E. (2023). A Large-Scale, Multiplayer Virtual Reality Deployment: A Novel Approach to Distance Education in Human Anatomy. Medical Science Educator, 33(2), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-023-01751-w
Çavdar, M. C. (2024). A Utilization Based Genetic Algorithm for virtual machine placement in cloud systems. Computer Communications, 214(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.11.028
Chaudhary, R. (2025). A comprehensive survey on software-defined networking for smart communities. International Journal of Communication Systems, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5296
Dunmoye, I. D. (2024). An exploratory study of social presence and cognitive engagement association in a collaborative virtual reality learning environment. Computers and Education X Reality, 4(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2024.100054
Fan, Y. (2023). A novel intelligent collision avoidance algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning approach for USV. Ocean Engineering, 287(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115649
Gopal, S. (2023). Advancements in Fin-Tech and Security Challenges of Banking Industry. 4th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering and Management Iciem 2023, (Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEM59379.2023.10165876
Hadjidemetriou, L. (2023). A digital twin architecture for real-time and offline high granularity analysis in smart buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society, 98(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104795
Hajian, E. (2022). A Mechanism for Load Balancing Routing and Virtualization Based on SDWSN for IoT Applications. IEEE Access, 10(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 37457–37476. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3164693
Hamzei, M. (2023). A Quality-of-Service-Aware Service Composition Method in the Internet of Things Using a Multi-Objective Fuzzy-Based Hybrid Algorithm. Sensors, 23(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167233
Jacobsen, E. L. (2022). Active personalized construction safety training using run-time data collection in physical and virtual reality work environments. Construction Innovation, 22(3), 531–553. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-06-2021-0113
Koulouris, D. (2022). An IoT-Enabled Platform for the Assessment of Physical and Mental Activities Utilizing Augmented Reality Exergaming. Sensors, 22(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093181
Kuwaiti, A. A. (2023). A Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060951
Mahmoud, M. (2023). A Survey on Optimizing Mobile Delivery of 360° Videos: Edge Caching and Multicasting. IEEE Access, 11(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 68925–68942. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3292335
Mareta, S. (2022). A study of the virtual reality cybersickness impacts and improvement strategy towards the overall undergraduate students’ virtual learning experience. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 19(4), 460–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-10-2021-0193
Mylonopoulos, F. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Modeling and Optimization Methods for Ship Energy Systems. IEEE Access, 11(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 32697–32707. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3263719
Naveed, Q. N. (2022). An Intelligent Traffic Surveillance System Using Integrated Wireless Sensor Network and Improved Phase Timing Optimization. Sensors, 22(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093333
Noury, P. L. (2022). A Narrative Review of the Current State of Extended Reality Technology and How it can be Utilised in Sport. Sports Medicine, 52(7), 1473–1489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01669-0
Pandey, A. (2023). An Ultrahigh Efficiency Excitonic Micro-LED. Nano Letters, 23(5), 1680–1687. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04220
Pavlopoulos, A. (2024). An Overview of Tools and Technologies for Anxiety and Depression Management Using AI. Applied Sciences Switzerland, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199068
Rossetto, A. G. de M. (2023). An analysis of the use of augmented reality and virtual reality as educational resources. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 31(6), 1761–1775. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22671
Salis, A. (2022). An Edge-Cloud based Reference Architecture to support cognitive solutions in Process Industry. Procedia Computer Science, 217(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.198
Singh, J. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Cloud Computing Virtual Machine Consolidation. IEEE Access, 11(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 106190–106209. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3314613
Sun, W. (2023). A 28nm 2D/3D Unified Sparse Convolution Accelerator with Block-Wise Neighbor Searcher for Large-Scaled Voxel-Based Point Cloud Network. Digest of Technical Papers IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference, 2023(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44), 328–330. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC42615.2023.10067644
Tusher, H. M. (2024). A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality Features for Skill Training. Technology Knowledge and Learning, 29(2), 843–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09713-2
Wang, H. L. (2023). A Dual-Responsive Artificial Skin for Tactile and Touchless Interfaces. Small, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202206830
Wang, J. (2025). Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Aging and Disease, 16(2), 714–737. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0124-1
Wang, W. X. (2022). A survey of metaverse technology. Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao Chinese Journal of Engineering, 44(4), 744–756. https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.01.15.003
Xiao, H. (2022). A Transcoding-Enabled 360° VR Video Caching and Delivery Framework for Edge-Enhanced Next-Generation Wireless Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 40(5), 1615–1631. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2022.3145813
Yang, F. (2022). A survey on multisource heterogeneous urban sensor access and data management technologies. Measurement Sensors, 19(Query date: 2026-06-07 20:10:44). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100061
Yi, W. S. (2024). A Systematic Review of Immersive Virtual Reality for Nontechnical Skills Training in Surgery. Journal of Surgical Education, 81(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.11.012
Zhou, M. (2025). AFES: Attention-Based Feature Excitation and Sorting for Action Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 71(2), 5752–5760. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3570181
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Fiqih Ananda, Ilda Putri, Indah Gayatri, Muhamad Yahya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
