IoT-Based Smart Classroom Control System for Lighting and Cooling Using Fuzzy Logic to Improve Classroom Energy Efficiency
Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia 
Abstract
Energy consumption in educational buildings has become an important issue in efforts to improve energy efficiency and support sustainability. The building sector accounts for more than 30% of global energy consumption, with lighting and air-conditioning systems being among the major contributors. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Classroom system integrated with fuzzy logic to improve energy efficiency. The system utilizes PIR/mmWave sensors to detect human presence, a BH1750 sensor to measure light intensity, and a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and humidity. An ESP32 microcontroller is used to process sensor data and communicate with the ThingsBoard platform to support real-time monitoring and control of the devices. Fuzzy logic is implemented as an adaptive decision-making mechanism to control the lighting system and an air purifier as a prototype of a cooling device based on environmental conditions and human presence. The experimental results show that the developed system is capable of automatically controlling the lighting system and the prototype cooling device according to environmental conditions and human presence. Based on the estimated energy consumption, the lighting system reduced its energy consumption from 0.14 kWh/day to 0.043351 kWh/day, resulting in an estimated energy efficiency of 69.04%. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of the air purifier decreased from 0.28 kWh/day to 0.16 kWh/day, resulting in an estimated energy efficiency of 42.86%. Overall, the energy consumption of both devices decreased from 0.42 kWh/day to 0.203351 kWh/day, resulting in an estimated total energy efficiency of 51.58%. These results indicate that the implementation of IoT and fuzzy logic has the potential to improve energy efficiency in classrooms through adaptive device control based on environmental conditions and human presence.
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Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuliadi Erdani, Setyawan Ajie Sukarno, Cecep Taufiq Hidayatullah
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