Reconceptualizing Mobile Interactive Multimedia as a Motivational Architecture in Civic Education: Evidence from Android-Mediated Learning Environments
Indonesia Indonesia 
Malaysia 
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Android-Based Learning, Civic Education, Interactive Multimedia, Learning Motivation, Mobile Learning, Primary Education
Abstract
Background. The use of interactive multimedia in primary education has expanded rapidly and has been associated with students’ learning motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. However, less attention has been given to how specific multimedia features support motivational engagement in value-oriented civic education, particularly in Android-base learning for primary education.
Purpose. This study aimed to develop SiLaKu, an Android-based interactive media application for learning Pancasila values in daily life. It also examined the feasibility developed multimedia and its contribution to sixth-grade students’ learning motivation.
Method. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design adapted from the Lee and Owens model, comprising assessment/analysis, design, development and implementation, and evaluation. The field trial involved 20 sixt-grade students at a primary school in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through classroom observation, interviewes, expert validation, documentation, and a pretest-posttest learning motivation questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentage-based feasibility analysis, descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test, Wilcoxon effect size r, and normalized gain analysis.
Results. The developed multimedia received high feasibility ratings from subject matter and media experts, with validation scores of 97.00% and 91.25%, respectively. Students’ mean motivation score increase from 2.455 before implementation to 3.525 after implementatiom. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test indicated a significant increase in students’ learning motivation (Z = ?3.953, p < .001), with a large effect size, r = 0.884. The normalized gain score was 0.69, indicating moderate improvement approaching the high category.
Conclusion. The findings suggest that Android-based interactive multimedia can support students’ learning motivation in primary civic education when it incorporates learner-controlled navigation, multimodal materials, interactive quizzes, immediate feedback, and activity-based worksheets. This study contributes to the discourse on mobile civic learning by positioning Android-based multimedia as a structured multimedia support system rather than merely a digital presentation tool.
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