Publication Ethics Statement

The Editors of Lingeduca: Journal of Language and Education Studies issue a set of publication ethics as guidelines for authors engaged in the publication of scientific research, to comply with COPE Core Practices and establish a high-quality standard of ethics for journal publication.

1. Allegations of Misconduct

The purpose of this policy is to prevent any misconduct related to research conducted for the journal and to establish the fundamental principles and procedures for research integrity deliberation required to ensure research ethics.

The range of misconduct policy

Research misconduct suggested in this policy pertains to fraud and refers to data fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, plagiarism, and improper authorship.

• Fabrication refers to any activity involving the creation of false information about non-existing data or findings.
• Falsification refers to the artificial manipulation of research materials/equipment/process, or random modification/deletion of data resulting in distorted research contents or results.
• Plagiarism refers to acts of pirating others' ideas, research contents, and research results without justifiable approval or quotation.
• Improper authorship refers to cases where a person who contributed to the research is not scientifically/technically qualified as an author, or where someone who did not contribute is listed as an author merely as a courtesy.
• Intentional acts to disturb a fraud investigation, or acts harmful to informants.
• Unfair evaluation of others' research, or disclosure/pirating of research ideas acquired during evaluation.
• Severely aberrant acts unacceptable within the field of language and education research.

How the journal addresses misconduct

Editors and publishers have an ethical obligation to support the quality and ethics of the review process (pre-publication), ensure the correctness of published literature (post-publication), and educate. Systems and procedures are in place to investigate and address misconduct, including cooperation with institutional or funding-body investigations.

Possible sanctions

• Prior to publication: the manuscript can be withdrawn from review.
• Post-publication: the journal may publish a Retraction, Note of Editorial Concern, or Errata/Correction. The paper can be "marked" in the literature.
• Editors determine whether to retract or correct after considering intent and the extent to which data is incorrect or misleading.
• The author may be banned from submitting to the journal, and editors may inform other editors/publishers or publish an editorial to raise awareness.

2. Authorship and Contributorship

Authors are expected to comply with the following guidelines; any infringement may lead to retraction or a submission ban.

• Deliver accurate and complete details of the research performed, with sufficient data on the related subject.
• Ensure the originality of the work; no fraud or fabrication.
• Guarantee the article has not been published previously or is not under evaluation elsewhere.
• Ensure the work contains no unlawful statements.
• Be aware of and abide by the misconduct policy.

Authors listed on an article must have made a significant contribution (conception, design, execution, data analysis, or writing), agreed on the submitting journal, reviewed all versions before submission and publication, and agreed to be accountable for the work's accuracy and integrity.

3. Editorship

• Editors provide fair judgment regardless of race, religion, nationality, sex, seniority, or institutional affiliation.
• Manuscripts are considered within a reasonable time frame, with decisions accompanied by reviewer comments.
• Editors ensure no private author information is shared with reviewers, and maintain manuscript confidentiality.
• Editors respect well-reasoned author requests to exclude certain reviewers, though may still use them if professionally important.
• Editors comply with COPE practices throughout.

4. Complaints and Appeals

Appeals against editorial decisions, process complaints (e.g., delays), and publication-ethics complaints should first be handled by the Editor-in-Chief or handling editor. If they are the subject of the complaint, approach the publisher contact.

Content appeals: the editor considers the authors' argument and reviewer reports, then decides to uphold rejection, seek another opinion, or reconsider. Decisions on appeals are final.

Process complaints: the editor investigates and provides feedback to improve procedures.

Ethics complaints: the editor follows COPE guidelines and may escalate to COPE if the complainant remains dissatisfied.

5. Conflict of Interest Policy

• Authors must disclose sources of financial support for their research.
• If an author-editor relationship risks unfair evaluation, another editor is appointed.
• Reviewers must disclose conflicts of interest and promptly return manuscripts where a conflict exists.

6. Data and Reproducibility

Data availability and reporting guidelines are available in the Author Guidelines section. Authors are encouraged to provide the underlying data connected with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data where practicable, retaining it for a reasonable period following publication to support verification and reproducibility.

6a. Fundamental Errors in Published Works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor and cooperate to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is likewise the author's obligation to promptly correct or retract the paper, or provide evidence of the correctness of the original findings.

7. Research Ethics

All submitted articles and exchanges of information involving authors and editors will be treated as confidential and not disclosed without prior consent. Names and email addresses entered on this journal site will be used exclusively for the journal's stated purposes and not shared with other parties.

Research Involving Human Subjects

Research involving humans must comply with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval must be obtained from a local IRB or equivalent, with manuscripts stating the approving committee and reference/permit numbers. Non-interventional studies exempted under national law must clearly state this, with the granting committee named. Non-stigmatizing, non-discriminatory language must be used for participant categorization, with scientific justification provided. Vulnerable-population studies undergo additional editorial review and may require supporting documentation.

7a. Research Involving the Use of Animals

Research involving animals must demonstrate benefits proportional to harm caused, adhering to the "3Rs" (Replace, Minimize, Optimize) as promoted by organizations such as the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science and the European Animal Research Association. Authors must detail housing, husbandry, and pain management in line with the Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Used in Scientific Procedures, and obtain ethics-committee approval where nationally required, documented in an "Institutional Review Board Statement." Clinical studies involving animals should follow the guidelines of the American Veterinary Medical Association where applicable.

7b. Research Involving Cell Lines and Plants

Research Involving Cell Lines

Cell lines must be clearly identified with source, repository, and catalog details, and authenticated (including contamination testing). Human/animal-derived cell lines require documented informed consent and ethical approval, complying with standards such as those of the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC).

Research Involving Plants

Plant-based research must comply with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), providing genetic origin/source information. Voucher specimens are required for rare or non-model species (may be waived for endangered species with justification).

8. Intellectual Properties

Disclaimer

The viewpoints of articles published are solely the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board.

Copyright

Authors are responsible for acquiring permission to reproduce any copyrighted figures, tables, data, or text. Substantial quotations from a published or copyrighted work will require a grant of permission from the original publisher to reprint, submitted together with the manuscript.

Publishing

This journal uses Open Journal System, developed, supported, and distributed by the Public Knowledge Project (PKP).

9. Journal Management

This journal is available online and accessible for free. Publication follows an Article Processing Charge scheme, with all published papers available through open access — see our Article Processing Charge page for details.

10. Peer Review Process

All papers are critically examined by anonymous reviewers selected for competence in the paper's subject area. Acceptance depends on scientific merit and suitability for the journal. See our Peer Review Process for details.

11. Plagiarism

Lingeduca maintains a strict anti-plagiarism policy per COPE guidelines, covering copying without citation, reuse without acknowledgment, fabricated data, and self-plagiarism. Manuscripts are screened using plagiarism detection tools; detected plagiarism results in rejection, and post-publication cases may lead to retraction and institutional notification.

12. Publication Practices

Lingeduca follows COPE's Code of Conduct and Core Practices. Authors must ensure originality and disclose conflicts of interest; reviewers must assess objectively and maintain confidentiality; editors must make unbiased, quality-based decisions and handle complaints transparently.

13. Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA)

Lingeduca is committed to a fair, inclusive editorial process regardless of authors' background, encouraging diverse editorial/reviewer boards, reasonable accessibility accommodations, and support for underrepresented and early-career researchers.

14. Post Publication — Discussion and Correction

Lingeduca follows COPE guidance for ethical concerns on published articles. The Editor-in-Chief can be contacted at journal@adra.ac.id regarding objections to the publication process. Articles may be retracted for scientific or ethical reasons, with the retraction and its reason noted on the journal's website. See our Correction, Retraction, and Withdrawal Policy page for full detail.